Integrated pest control of standardized production of Chinese medicinal materials

1, agricultural control. Agricultural control is a method of reducing or preventing pests and diseases by adjusting cultivation techniques. The main methods are: 1.1 Rational rotation and intercropping. The species of the same family of Chinese medicinal materials cannot be used for rotation or continuous cropping, such as Atractylodes macrocephala, Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Glycyrrhizae and Radix Isatidis, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and Radix et Rhizoma. Certain varieties of crop rotation can also reduce the damage of pests and diseases. Such as: rhubarb and astragalus rotation can reduce rhubarb anthrax and downy mildew symptoms, while harming the aphid's big bean turnip's population density can be reduced. 1.2 Winter tillage. Many pathogenic bacteria and pests in winter in the soil, winter plowing can be used to directly destroy the wintering pests of the pests, reduce the source of overwintering diseases and pests, and make the overwintering pests in the surface layers turn into the depths of the soil, making it impossible to feather the soil. The bacteria can also directly kill part of the sun due to sunlight, achieving the purpose of preventing and controlling pests. 1.3 Clean weeds and waste. Field weeds are hidden and overwintering sites for diseases and insect pests. Therefore, the removal of weeds and post-harvest crops after harvesting, clean field burning, or deep-buried treatments are important agricultural technical measures for the prevention and control of pests and diseases. 2, biological control 2.1 insect pest control. Use natural enemies to control pests. The natural enemy insects are mainly maggots, grasshopper larvae, ground worms, insectivorous maggots, hoverfly and various parasitic bees. These natural enemy pests exist in some pest populations in the natural world, and they have played a significant role in suppressing the density of pests. What deserves our attention is to protect these beneficial insects so that they can breed smoothly and pass on from generation to generation to achieve the purpose of controlling insect pests. 2.2 Microbial pest control. The use of bacterial fungi, viruses and other insect disease microorganisms to control pests, there are various agents such as Bacillus thuringiensis have a wider range of insecticidal effects. 2.3 Insect pest control using pest natural enemies. Many natural enemies of pests, such as various frogs and beneficial birds, can prey on a large number of pests. According to the research and dissection, more than 70% of pests are found in the food of one frog, and 36 are caterpillars in the stomach of the cuckoo bird. From this it can be seen that we should actively protect the beneficial animals in the natural world and create conditions for attracting, breeding and using them. 3, physical control. Using temperature, light, electromagnetic waves, ultrasonic waves, nuclear radiation and other methods to prevent and treat pests and diseases for physical control. Such as soaking with warm soup to prevent smut and yellow earthworm disease, at night with different wavelengths and colors of light trapping and killing some Lepidoptera adults and beetles and so on. 4, chemical control. Chemical control is currently an important means of preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests. Other prevention and control methods cannot be completely replaced. However, pesticide residues, environmental pollution, and resistance to diseases and insect pests have caused people's attention. Therefore, the principle of use of chemical drugs is that they can be used as little as possible without drugs, as little as possible, and as little as possible, as much as possible, and can be combined with both diseases as much as possible. Biopesticides can be used as far as possible without chemical drugs to achieve the purpose of reducing pollution or pollution, in order to reduce the number of drugs used. , only in the critical period when medication must be used. However, as far as possible, natural enemies should be avoided or pesticides that are safer to natural enemies should be avoided. For example, commonly used thiophanate-methyl for control of gray mold, powdery mildew, anthrax, and chlorothalonil against rust, downy mildew and leaf spot, The maximum number of medications used during the whole growth period is no more than 4 times, and the last time the medication is used is not less than 14 days. For insecticides such as trichlorfon, phoxim and deltamethrin, the maximum number of pesticides used during the whole growth period was no more than 3 times, and the last time the pesticide was collected was not less than 7 days.

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