Inspected car: the rail "walking doctor" in walking

Is it safe, can the human body withstand it? At the time of the "4000km/h ground-based flight train", the public imagination was ignited and various questions were raised.

The speed is getting faster and faster, how can security protect this problem, and the "China Speed" can not be avoided at the same time.

"There are many behind-the-scenes workers behind the aura, such as rail inspection vehicles." Shi Yongsheng, director of the Inspection Department of the Institute of Infrastructure Inspection, China Academy of Railway Sciences, told reporters that rail inspection is basically accompanied by the production, laying, operation and use of rails. Various stages. Before the rails are shipped from the factory, it is necessary to confirm whether there are manufacturing defects, whether the rails are damaged or not, and whether there are welding defects in the welded joints. The rails in use may also cause external and internal damage due to wear and fatigue, etc. These are indispensable. Detecting the program.

As a key project for the development of major scientific instruments and equipments of the Ministry of Science and Technology, rail-detecting vehicles have solved many key technical problems by relying on foreign imports to independently develop 80-kilometer GTC-80X rail-detecting vehicles.

2D laser automatic alignment ensures "targeting accurate"

The first step of the probe is to "see", and the premise of "seeing the right" is "the probe is directly above the rail", and the "centering" technique is used to solve the problem that the probe is "targeted".

Shi Yongsheng said that "centering" is like a human eye. When you see something, you have to look at it. Once you deviate, your vision is useless.

2D laser automatic alignment, compared with the electromagnetic or spot laser alignment technology currently used abroad, the advantage is mainly in the higher accuracy. By adopting the line detection method, the 2D laser automatic alignment can not only scan the rails, but also scan the rail heads to realize sampling and multi-point data at one time, thereby effectively filtering out the interference information and more accurately reducing the position of the probe relative to the rail. The latter adopts point detection, and the fishplate and rail head wear at the waist of the rail will have a great impact on the test results. In addition, after one year of on-site verification, the laser technology was less affected by bad weather such as wind and rain, and the equipment reliability was higher. Shi Yongsheng told reporters.

At present, the standard deviation of the probe speed of the general-speed railway can be no more than 2.33mm at a speed of 80km/h, and the standard deviation of the high-speed railway probe wheel offset is not more than 0.78mm.

Modular realization of ultrasonic data acquisition

Go to the hospital to do B-ultrasound, the doctor will use an ultrasound probe to explore the condition of the body. The same applies to rail inspection vehicles, that is, ultrasonic waves are used to detect cracks inside the metal.

The ultrasonic wave is emitted and the electrical signal is recovered. This process of sending and retracting is the acquisition. Comprehensive and accurate are the two goals that need to be achieved. To achieve comprehensive, “fast” and “parallel” are the key, and accuracy is related to signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity. The higher the sensitivity of the system, the lower the noise, the better the signal quality. higher. “Our innovation lies in modularity, which divides the acquisition system into different modules, such as probe modules, ultrasonic transmitter and receiver modules, digital and spatial conversion modules, etc. Each module is responsible for different functions, thus improving efficiency and reducing mutual Interference." Shi Yongsheng said.

Modularity is good for overall and accurate performance, taking advantage of the latest digital circuit technology to minimize the latency of 30 ultrasonic channel echoes, improving reliability and maintainability, and reducing mutual interference.

Establish a damage pattern library to "recognize clearly"

After the data is collected, how to know the data, the damage pattern library is the key.

“When the damage is detected, the 'injury' is extracted from the model library and matched with the actual situation to recognize different injuries,” Shi Yongsheng said.

The establishment of the damage pattern library mainly relies on intelligent recognition technology. The neural network and decision tree algorithm are used to compare the data obtained in the detection with the pattern damage in the pattern library, and the specific types and feature descriptions of the damage are given.

Shi Yongsheng used a camera to take a picture. He said that some cameras have a "smile recognition" function, which automatically captures the smile and then shoots it. However, if the camera does not have this function, it cannot be compared or captured. In the same way, the model library is the same. It is necessary to analyze and input various damages. The more comprehensive the collected patterns, the better the recognition.

“Our model of damage patterns covers all common rail damage types of the current national railway, including rail head nuclear injuries, horizontal cracks in the rail head, screw hole cracks, horizontal rail cracks, rail waist cracks, and rail bottom laterals. Cracks and other 11 categories, and solved the problem of identification and missed detection of serious damage to existing flaw detection technology." Shi Yongsheng told reporters.

Shi Yongsheng also revealed to reporters that the first GTC-80X rail inspection vehicle independently developed by China has produced a prototype by using the above key technologies, and based on this, has developed the technical standards and complete vehicles. Test Standard.

Source: Technology Daily

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