Identification and Control Measures of Tomato Virus Disease in Greenhouse

Virus disease is an important disease in tomato production after the fall of the greenhouse. Because the tomato seedlings are in the high temperature season of July-August, the weather is dry and the weather is strong. It also encounters a large amount of field locusts and crop viruses such as tomatoes in open fields. Therefore, if it is improperly managed, there is a possibility of destroying the seedlings before planting. The rate of 70-80%, 50% reduction in production. I. Symptom identification Tomato virus disease is mainly caused by the infection of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), tobacco leafroll virus (TLCV), and mosaic virus (AMV), among which tobacco flowers Leaf virus, cucumber mosaic virus, tobacco rolling leaf virus soaking mainly. Symptoms mainly include mosaic type, leaf type and streak type. 1, mosaic shape: yellow and green leaves appear on the leaves or between the dark spots, veins are transparent, the leaves are slightly shrunken abnormal phenomenon, the diseased plants slightly shorter than normal plants. 2, leaf type: yellowing between veins, leaves the edge of the upward curve, the leaflets are spherical or twisted into a spiral deformity, the whole plant atrophy, sometimes clustered, early infection, and more can not bear fruit. 3. Stripe type: Occurs on leaves, stems, and fruits. The shape of the lesion varies depending on the site of the lesion. It is a dark-brown spot or moire on the leaves. On the vines, there are dark brown patches on the vines. The discolored parts are only in the superficial tissue and do not penetrate into the interior of the stem or fruit. These types of symptoms are often caused by the combined infection of tobacco mosaic virus or one or two other viruses, and are prone to occur under high temperature and strong light. Second, the prevention and control methods 1, a reasonable rotation: the implementation of more than three years of vegetable field rotation, try to avoid continuous production with Solanaceae crops. 2, selection of disease-resistant, disease-resistant varieties: tomato virus pathogens, and strain differentiation, often occurs in the field mix, most of the varieties are only anti-viral virus disease, there is no high anti-virus disease varieties. After the late autumn in the north, good powders No. 2, No. 10, and Dwarf No. 3 can be used for cultivation. 3. Seed Disinfection: Seeds are soaked with fresh water for 5 hours before sowing, then soaked in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 minutes, or washed with soapy water, then soaked in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 10-15 minutes. Then rinse with clean water; or treat the seeds under dry heat at 70°C for 2-3 days before germination or live broadcast. 4. Remove diseased seedlings: After emergence, regularly clear the seedbeds and remove the distorted seedlings with improper leaf color, poor growth, and distorted leaves. In the case of diseased plants with only a few leaves, cut diseased leaves in time. This work must be carried out 3-4 times before planting. During the cleaning process, it is also important to note that hands or tools do not touch normal seedlings to avoid infection. 5, agricultural operations should be healthy after the first strain of diseased plants: tomato colonization will continue to appear after the disease, its performance as a mosaic, leaflets, leaves, leaf curl, dwarfing and so on. Farming operations such as tipping, tying up vines, fighting crickets, hitting the bottom leaves, picking fruits, etc., should be done in accordance with the practice of the diseased strains of the first strain, in order to avoid transmission of poison by hands or tools. Conditions can also be used to complete a row of plant agricultural activities, wash hands and tools with soapy water or 10% trisodium phosphate solution. 6, timely flood control: seedling period using silver-gray film or shade net cover, repellent aphids. After the planting, the silver-gray plastic strips shall be drawn along the skeleton around the greenhouse, with an interval of about 10 cm. The occurrence of locusts in the shed is always under investigation in production. Once there is an occurrence, timely prevention and control will be conducted to reduce the chance of locust transmission. 7, cultivation and disease prevention: timely sowing, nurturing strong seedlings. About one week before planting, seedlings were selected and transplanted with robust and disease-free seedlings. The organic fertilizer must be fully cooked and appropriate phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be added. Half-high ridge cultivation is adopted to provide timely and appropriate water supply. When fruit is red, it should be harvested early enough to coordinate the contradiction between tomato reproductive growth and vegetative growth, and enhance the resistance of plants to achieve the purpose of preventing disease and increasing production. 8. Biological control: (1) The attenuated vaccine N14 is mainly used for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases caused by the infection of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and has a certain degree of immune protection. Usage: In the tomato 1-2 true leaf seedlings, wash the roots of the soil, the root immersed in N14 100 times liquid for 30 minutes, you can also use hand-drip N14 100 times liquid gently wipe on the cotyledons, Wipe inoculation; can also be used 7-9 9 needles tied to the head of the chopsticks to dip N14 100 times liquid leaf prickly inoculation; also can be diluted N4 with poisonous water 50 times, according to 4 kg/m2 The pressure is sprayed when the tomato leaves have 2-3 true leaves. It is also possible to add 0.5 g of 400-600 mesh corundum with 100 times of N14, shake and inoculate with a high pressure gun. (2) Satellite virus S52 is used to control viral diseases caused by the infection of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Its use method is the same as the attenuated vaccine N14. If S52 and N14 are used in equal amounts, the control effect will be better. 9, spray control at the beginning of the disease. In the initial stage of disease (5-6 leaf stages), spray protection was started. 3.85% of the virus was sprayed with WP500 times of foliar spray. After spraying, sprayed once every 7 days for 3 consecutive times to prevent and cure tomato virus disease. Efficacy up to 75-80%; can also be used 1.5% phytopathogenic Ling 800 times solution or 20% virus A500 times spray, use the same method, the control effect of viral diseases can reach 70%, but also 5% of bacteria Water solution 400 times or potassium permanganate 1000 times, in addition to spraying 50-100 mg / kg and 1% superphosphate to increase fertilizer, can improve disease resistance.

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