How to store cucumbers
2019-09-04 06:04:05
Cucumbers are also known as cucumbers, melons, spines or hanging gourds. It is a Cucurbitaceae, Melon, annual climbing herb, melon vegetables. Use young fruits for food. There are thorny cucumbers and autumn cucumbers. It is cultivated throughout the country. In the spring, summer and autumn in the south, it is cultivated in the three seasons, and it starts to be listed in April; in the winter in Guangzhou, it can be cultivated and can be supplied for the first anniversary; in the northern region, it starts to be listed in June; the frost-free period can be cultivated in spring and autumn, and the frost-free period is short. Season; winter can also use protected land production. Storage, processing, and processing have a very important role in circulation.
(1) Harvesting requires fresh edible cucumbers to be harvested 18 days after flowering. At this time, the melon has grown and has the inherent fruit shape, fruit color and flavor of the variety; the seeds have not been hardened or expanded. The cucumbers used for storage and transportation are to be harvested in the middle of the plant, "goat melons," and avoid using "root melon." The "root melon" is mostly in contact with the ground. The melon form is not good, and the pathogen is easy to be infected after storage. When the long melon is on the top, the melon pods are old and dehydrated. The melon pods are of different shapes and sizes, and the nutrient content is insufficient and storage is not tolerated. Take care when harvesting to avoid mechanical damage, and strive to "top the flower barbed."
After harvesting, avoid sun and rain. Should be packed in time and placed in a cool place or precooled in a cold room. As the cucumber is tender and vulnerable to damage, the packaging must have a certain supporting capacity, such as plastic baskets, bamboo baskets, cartons, etc. In order to reduce the friction between melon strips and melon strips, melon strips and packaging, the inside of the packaging should be lined with paper and should be made strictly rigid. This will also absorb the moisture generated during breathing, so that the package will not form an excessively high humidity environment. The pre-cooling temperature depends on the situation. In the nearest or only short-distance transportation, it is possible to reach the place of sale and place it in a cool place; for storage or long-distance transport, especially for cold chain transport, it must be pre-cooled in a cold room, and it must be within 24 hours to achieve proper storage. Or transport temperature.
(II) Storage characteristics
1. Postharvest Physiological Characteristics Cucumber has high water content, crisp texture, strong metabolism, and imperfect protection organization. It is prone to loss of water and microorganisms. After harvest, the nutrients are also easy to transfer, so that the head of the seed is swollen, the tail tissue is wilting, shrinking, and becoming paralyzed, forming a "big head melon," and the leaves are sour, and the quality is degraded, as well as deterioration and rot. Therefore, in the process of storage and transportation, we must create appropriate conditions to suppress these processes in order to have a better effect of storage and transportation.
2. Appropriate storage conditions China's "Cucumber Refrigeration and Transportation Technology," the industry standard stipulates that the cucumber suitable storage temperature is 10-13 °C, suitable relative humidity of 90% -95%. Temperature below 10 °C cucumber will cause cold damage, but in the case of high humidity, can reduce the incidence of cold damage.
Appropriate gas conditions in the storage environment: oxygen and carbon dioxide content are 2% -5%. Cucumber has strict requirements for ethylene, and 1 milligram of ethylene in a cubic meter of space will make the cucumber yellow within a day. Therefore, cucumber cannot be mixed and mixed with fruits and vegetables (such as cantaloupe, tomato, apple, pear, etc.) that are prone to produce ethylene. .
(III) Storage and transportation methods
1. The tank method first wipes the storage cylinder with white spirit to disinfect and antisepsis. In autumn and winter, bury the cylinder in the ground half or place it on the ground, put 15 centimeters of deep water into the tank, and place a cross or sculpted frame nailed into the board at 6-10 centimeters above the water surface. Rake or bamboo skewer, and then put the cucumber on the top: can be placed along the cylinder wall, can also be placed radially; handle outward, flower pedicle toward the center. The center of the cylinder should be left open to make the temperature in the cylinder uniform and easy to check. The code is 10-13 cm away from the cylinder mouth, and then the cylinder port is sealed with kraft paper.
Pre-heat protection should be checked frequently. If the temperature in the cylinder is too high and the humidity is too high, open the cylinder port to ventilate the air. In the later period, as the temperature decreases, insulation and cold-proof materials shall be added around the cylinder and above the cylinder.
2. The cellar method is to dig a trench 2 meters wide and 1.5-2 meters deep at the shade, with the length determined by the reserve, the top opening to have a lid, the middle to leave the entrance (cell pit), and a ventilation tube at one end. The bottom of the cellar and four walls of smooth stalks are laid to prevent stab wounds on cucumbers. Then you can put the cucumbers in the pits and cover the pits.
After entering the pits, they must be diligently inspected and found out that they must be picked out in time to prevent the spread of germs.
3. The underground small cellar storage method utilizes the open space behind a house in a town or rural house, and the underground permanent cellar can be used to store cucumbers.
The storage method is to put a shelf in the cellar, put the cucumber on the shelf, and the melons are covered and covered with plastic film. Cucumber can also be boxed and palletized. If there are conditions, you can put 3-5 cucumbers into plastic bags and store them in a loose-knocked or folded manner.
4. Water well storage method Select a suitable well and place a solid derrick stand 33 centimeters from the water surface. Place the cucumbers on the wooden slats and coat them with a layer of straw. The direction of the two adjacent layers of code should be staggered, and it should be coded until about 30 cm from the wellhead. When the weather is not too cold, the wellhead covers the wooden cover; after the beginning of winter, the weather turns cold and the manhole cover is added with rice husks or crushed cotton to prevent the cold.
5. Simple air-conditioning storage method can be used to control the storage temperature, simple air-conditioning storage method can be used.
(1) The Tibetan food shall be basketted with cucumbers, covered with 1-2 layers of paper, stacking, and covered with polyethylene film (0.03-0.08 mm thick). Use switch vents for gas conditioning.
(2) Baskets are lined with 0.03 mm thick polyethylene film in the basket, and the cucumbers are placed in the basket.
(3) Bags are made of 0.03 mm thick polyethylene film in small bags. Each bag contains 1-2 kg of melon, folded, basketed, or racked.
6. Transportation and Packaging Requirements The specific requirements for transportation and packaging of cucumbers are related to factors such as the distance from the harvested land to the collection area or the place of sale, and climatic conditions. Real estate sales, and short-distance transport can be transported at normal temperature; hot summer rain should be shaded and rain-proof facilities to prevent the sun, rain; cold winter measures should be used, such as cover quilts, cover grass rakes and so on. It is advisable to lining up the basket or bulk it, but place it firmly and pave it in order to avoid loss. For long-distance transportation, low-temperature transportation is required, and cartons lined with cartons and bamboo baskets are used for packaging. It is strictly prohibited to mix and transport fruits and vegetables with more ethylene.
(D) The listing of quality standards cucumber market quality standards "Cucumber" national industry standard implementation.
First-class quality: the same variety, moderate maturity, fresh and crisp, good fruit shape, fruit color, cleanliness; no rot, malformation, odor, cold injury, freezing injury, pest and mechanical injury limit: each sample does not meet the quality requirements shall not exceed 5%. The rotten ones must not exceed 0.5%, and those that do not meet the specifications of the fruit weight shall not exceed 10% (by weight).
Second-class quality: similar varieties, good maturity, fresh and crisp, fruit shape, fruit color better, clean; no rot, malformation, odor, cold injury, freezing injury, no obvious diseases and insect pests and mechanical injury Third grade: similar species, Maturity is good, fresh, fruit shape, fruit color is good, clean; no decay, odor, cold injury, frost damage, no serious pests and mechanical injury Specifications: Large: single fruit weight ≥ 200g Medium: Single fruit weight ≥ 150g Small: Single fruit weight ≥100g limit: The second, third, etc. batch samples do not meet the quality requirements shall not exceed 10%. The rotten ones must not exceed 1%, and those that do not meet the weight specifications of this grade must not exceed 10% (by weight).
(1) Harvesting requires fresh edible cucumbers to be harvested 18 days after flowering. At this time, the melon has grown and has the inherent fruit shape, fruit color and flavor of the variety; the seeds have not been hardened or expanded. The cucumbers used for storage and transportation are to be harvested in the middle of the plant, "goat melons," and avoid using "root melon." The "root melon" is mostly in contact with the ground. The melon form is not good, and the pathogen is easy to be infected after storage. When the long melon is on the top, the melon pods are old and dehydrated. The melon pods are of different shapes and sizes, and the nutrient content is insufficient and storage is not tolerated. Take care when harvesting to avoid mechanical damage, and strive to "top the flower barbed."
After harvesting, avoid sun and rain. Should be packed in time and placed in a cool place or precooled in a cold room. As the cucumber is tender and vulnerable to damage, the packaging must have a certain supporting capacity, such as plastic baskets, bamboo baskets, cartons, etc. In order to reduce the friction between melon strips and melon strips, melon strips and packaging, the inside of the packaging should be lined with paper and should be made strictly rigid. This will also absorb the moisture generated during breathing, so that the package will not form an excessively high humidity environment. The pre-cooling temperature depends on the situation. In the nearest or only short-distance transportation, it is possible to reach the place of sale and place it in a cool place; for storage or long-distance transport, especially for cold chain transport, it must be pre-cooled in a cold room, and it must be within 24 hours to achieve proper storage. Or transport temperature.
(II) Storage characteristics
1. Postharvest Physiological Characteristics Cucumber has high water content, crisp texture, strong metabolism, and imperfect protection organization. It is prone to loss of water and microorganisms. After harvest, the nutrients are also easy to transfer, so that the head of the seed is swollen, the tail tissue is wilting, shrinking, and becoming paralyzed, forming a "big head melon," and the leaves are sour, and the quality is degraded, as well as deterioration and rot. Therefore, in the process of storage and transportation, we must create appropriate conditions to suppress these processes in order to have a better effect of storage and transportation.
2. Appropriate storage conditions China's "Cucumber Refrigeration and Transportation Technology," the industry standard stipulates that the cucumber suitable storage temperature is 10-13 °C, suitable relative humidity of 90% -95%. Temperature below 10 °C cucumber will cause cold damage, but in the case of high humidity, can reduce the incidence of cold damage.
Appropriate gas conditions in the storage environment: oxygen and carbon dioxide content are 2% -5%. Cucumber has strict requirements for ethylene, and 1 milligram of ethylene in a cubic meter of space will make the cucumber yellow within a day. Therefore, cucumber cannot be mixed and mixed with fruits and vegetables (such as cantaloupe, tomato, apple, pear, etc.) that are prone to produce ethylene. .
(III) Storage and transportation methods
1. The tank method first wipes the storage cylinder with white spirit to disinfect and antisepsis. In autumn and winter, bury the cylinder in the ground half or place it on the ground, put 15 centimeters of deep water into the tank, and place a cross or sculpted frame nailed into the board at 6-10 centimeters above the water surface. Rake or bamboo skewer, and then put the cucumber on the top: can be placed along the cylinder wall, can also be placed radially; handle outward, flower pedicle toward the center. The center of the cylinder should be left open to make the temperature in the cylinder uniform and easy to check. The code is 10-13 cm away from the cylinder mouth, and then the cylinder port is sealed with kraft paper.
Pre-heat protection should be checked frequently. If the temperature in the cylinder is too high and the humidity is too high, open the cylinder port to ventilate the air. In the later period, as the temperature decreases, insulation and cold-proof materials shall be added around the cylinder and above the cylinder.
2. The cellar method is to dig a trench 2 meters wide and 1.5-2 meters deep at the shade, with the length determined by the reserve, the top opening to have a lid, the middle to leave the entrance (cell pit), and a ventilation tube at one end. The bottom of the cellar and four walls of smooth stalks are laid to prevent stab wounds on cucumbers. Then you can put the cucumbers in the pits and cover the pits.
After entering the pits, they must be diligently inspected and found out that they must be picked out in time to prevent the spread of germs.
3. The underground small cellar storage method utilizes the open space behind a house in a town or rural house, and the underground permanent cellar can be used to store cucumbers.
The storage method is to put a shelf in the cellar, put the cucumber on the shelf, and the melons are covered and covered with plastic film. Cucumber can also be boxed and palletized. If there are conditions, you can put 3-5 cucumbers into plastic bags and store them in a loose-knocked or folded manner.
4. Water well storage method Select a suitable well and place a solid derrick stand 33 centimeters from the water surface. Place the cucumbers on the wooden slats and coat them with a layer of straw. The direction of the two adjacent layers of code should be staggered, and it should be coded until about 30 cm from the wellhead. When the weather is not too cold, the wellhead covers the wooden cover; after the beginning of winter, the weather turns cold and the manhole cover is added with rice husks or crushed cotton to prevent the cold.
5. Simple air-conditioning storage method can be used to control the storage temperature, simple air-conditioning storage method can be used.
(1) The Tibetan food shall be basketted with cucumbers, covered with 1-2 layers of paper, stacking, and covered with polyethylene film (0.03-0.08 mm thick). Use switch vents for gas conditioning.
(2) Baskets are lined with 0.03 mm thick polyethylene film in the basket, and the cucumbers are placed in the basket.
(3) Bags are made of 0.03 mm thick polyethylene film in small bags. Each bag contains 1-2 kg of melon, folded, basketed, or racked.
6. Transportation and Packaging Requirements The specific requirements for transportation and packaging of cucumbers are related to factors such as the distance from the harvested land to the collection area or the place of sale, and climatic conditions. Real estate sales, and short-distance transport can be transported at normal temperature; hot summer rain should be shaded and rain-proof facilities to prevent the sun, rain; cold winter measures should be used, such as cover quilts, cover grass rakes and so on. It is advisable to lining up the basket or bulk it, but place it firmly and pave it in order to avoid loss. For long-distance transportation, low-temperature transportation is required, and cartons lined with cartons and bamboo baskets are used for packaging. It is strictly prohibited to mix and transport fruits and vegetables with more ethylene.
(D) The listing of quality standards cucumber market quality standards "Cucumber" national industry standard implementation.
First-class quality: the same variety, moderate maturity, fresh and crisp, good fruit shape, fruit color, cleanliness; no rot, malformation, odor, cold injury, freezing injury, pest and mechanical injury limit: each sample does not meet the quality requirements shall not exceed 5%. The rotten ones must not exceed 0.5%, and those that do not meet the specifications of the fruit weight shall not exceed 10% (by weight).
Second-class quality: similar varieties, good maturity, fresh and crisp, fruit shape, fruit color better, clean; no rot, malformation, odor, cold injury, freezing injury, no obvious diseases and insect pests and mechanical injury Third grade: similar species, Maturity is good, fresh, fruit shape, fruit color is good, clean; no decay, odor, cold injury, frost damage, no serious pests and mechanical injury Specifications: Large: single fruit weight ≥ 200g Medium: Single fruit weight ≥ 150g Small: Single fruit weight ≥100g limit: The second, third, etc. batch samples do not meet the quality requirements shall not exceed 10%. The rotten ones must not exceed 1%, and those that do not meet the weight specifications of this grade must not exceed 10% (by weight).
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