How to grow good apples

Improved apple variety structure

Introducing excellent varieties such as Yanfu, Royal Paula and Salsa for planting, gradually replacing old, miscellaneous and inferior varieties. Changfu and Qiufu should also be replaced by superior Fuji varieties. All new apple orchards will adopt new varieties and new rootstocks.

Reasonable dense planting, scientific planting, and improving the quality of the park

① Strictly prepare the land and apply enough bottom fertilizer. Before planting, dig planting pits with the required density of 0.8m × 0.8m × 0.8m, or dig trenches with rows of 0.6m deep and 0.8m wide. The subsoil and topsoil are separated, and 10,000 kg of base fertilizer is applied per acre. After mixing with the topsoil, it is backfilled and filled to a distance of 20 cm from the ground.

â‘¡ Reasonable dense planting. In order to make reasonable and full use of land resources, the newly-built apple orchards were planted in close-packed cultivation, with row spacing of 2 to 3 meters by 4 to 5 meters.

â‘¢ Scientific planting. Planted in late March to early April in spring. 3 to 4 days before planting, the planting hole is filled with sufficient water to make the living soil dense. The seedlings are first-level seedlings, soaked in clear water for 24 hours before planting, then dipped in mud, treated with rooting powder dipped in roots, and then planted immediately. After planting, water it in time, cover the mulch to protect the mulch, and cover the mulch with a layer of soil to protect the mulch.

Scientific fertilization of apple trees

â‘  Apply fertilizer in autumn. The method of applying base fertilizer in autumn is to apply 3000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre of unfruited trees, and 5000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre of fruit trees. After harvesting the middle-ripe fruits, and deep-turning the orchards before harvest, the depth is 20-30 cm.

â‘¡ Control nitrogen fertilizer and promote the use of compound fertilizer. Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer can easily lead to fruit quality degradation and soil compaction. Special compound fertilizers and three-dimensional compound fertilizers for fruit trees should be used. Generally, 0.25 kg per plant is applied for annual trees, and 0.25 kg will be added each year thereafter. The result tree is calculated based on fruit yield, and 100 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per 100 kg of fruit.

③Foliar spraying. Foliar spraying is a fertilizer application method with fast absorption and high fertilizer utilization rate. Humic acid high-efficiency spray fertilizer is a liquid fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other trace elements. This fertilizer is non-toxic and pollution-free. It is an ideal fertilizer for the development of green food. It can be sprayed with 200 times liquid in the growing season. 3 ～ 5 times.

Appropriate plastic trimming of apple trees

The new orchard adopts different shaping methods according to the planting density. The orchard with a row spacing of 2 meters x 4 meters adopts a slender spindle-shaped tree shape, and the orchard of 3 to 4 meters x 4 to 5 meters uses a spindle shape. As a result, the task of tree reshaping is mainly to reshape the tree, making it develop towards the improved spindle shape and sparse layer shape.

â‘  The pruning of young trees. Young trees are mainly pruned, and are usually carried out in early spring. Skirts below 50 cm in trunk are not left, and all are removed; branches above 50 cm have one branch every 20 cm, so choose a direction. Branches over 70 cm in length will not be cut, and all will be slowly flattened and engraved with buds; light and short cuts with a length of about 50 cm; branches with a length of less than 30 cm will be extremely short and will spur new branches, which will be treated in the coming year. The central trunk is generally not cut short, but it is cut every 20 cm to promote uniform growth of the branches. From May to June, it is necessary to twist the tip in time and topping to control the growth. The strong tree is cut by the main branch to promote flower bud differentiation.

② Pruning of the initial fruit tree. The first fruiting tree adopts a combination of winter and summer pruning, and mainly uses summer pruning to change the practice of a previous winter pruning. Winter pruning is mainly sparse, supplemented by shrinking shears, and the uniaxially extended main branches are cultivated. For the upright branches in the canopy, it should be flattened if there is space, and it should be dredged if there is no space; the long branches and thin branches are resolutely removed; the auxiliary nursery branches that affect the growth of the backbone branches are mainly shrinking and transformed into large fruiting branch groups; Long branches are not cut for the middle branch or the middle branch, so as to promote flowering. Summer pruning mainly adopts engraving buds, pull branches, twist tips, ring peeling and other methods. When the new shoot grows to 15 cm in mid-May, the tip will be twisted in time. If it is more than 20 cm, remove the topping and control the length. If there is no room for growth, remove it in time. If there is room, you can shorten it to promote new shoots. Ring peeling is carried out in early June. The trunk ring peeling is used for strong tree vigor, and ring cutting is used for weak tree potential to promote flower bud differentiation and fruit expansion. Pull or take branches in August to pull the branches to nearly 80 °. Through proper trimming and shaping, the germination rate and flower formation rate can be improved.

Strengthen the management of apple tree blossoms and improve the fruit quality

â‘  set flowers with flowers, sparse flowers. Starting from the inflorescence separation period, an inflorescence is left every 20-25 cm, and a central flower is left in each inflorescence, and the rest are all dredged. Orchards with unstable flowering periods may have more center flowers. After fruit setting, thinning the fruit, leaving one fruit every 20-25 cm.

â‘¡ Fruit bagging. Bagging starts two weeks after flowering and ends 45 days after flowering. Spray all pesticides and fungicides in the whole garden before bagging. Choose free-sagging center fruit bagging. The bag is picked 20 to 25 days before harvesting. The double-layer bag must be torn open and the inner bag removed after 5 days. Combine the tearing bag to remove the shading leaves beside the fruit, and lay a reflective film under the tree.

â‘¢ Produce selenium-rich health apples. A large number of experiments have proved that selenium is the protector of important human organs. Supplementing 200 micrograms of selenium every day can effectively prevent various diseases of the liver and heart. One week before flowering, 10 days after flowering, and 1 month before fruit harvesting, sterilized fertilizer can be sprayed with 5,000 times type II foliage to produce selenium-enriched health apples.

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