How to control the empty stalk rate
The empty stalk rate of corn is generally 15% to 20%, and the serious one is as high as 30% or more. It is one of the main factors that affect the production and output of corn.
Empty stalk causes:
1, tassel inhibition of the ear. The tassels of corn are developed from the top buds and have a strong growth potential. Tassel differentiation is 7-10 days earlier than the female ear; the female ear is developed from axillary buds, which is later developed and has a weaker growth potential. When the external conditions are uncomfortable, such as insufficient nutrition, tassels use the apical dominance to absorb a large amount of nutrients to the top, and the female ear becomes a hollow stalk due to malnutrition.
2, malnutrition. At the stage of ear differentiation, if the nutrition is poor, the photosynthetic area is small, the accumulation of organic matter is less, the ear development is poor, and the empty stalk rate is increased. During the prosperous period of corn, the supply of mineral nutrients is excessive, which results in strong nutrient growth, weakened reproductive growth, and the distribution of organic matter to the female ear, thereby forming empty stalks;
3, high temperature and drought. From the trumpet to the heading, it is the period with the most water requirement for corn. If drought and water shortage occur during this period, it will affect the normal flowering of the tassel and the extraction of the female filaments, leading to early male seizures, delayed silking, weak pollen viability, and easy filaments. Withered, unable to pollinate and fertilize.
4, too much rainy weather. In the period of corn loosing powder, there was continuous rain and rain, and the light was insufficient. The pollen grains of the pollen grains easily swelled and died, or they were broken into pieces and lost their ability to pollinate. However, the female filaments failed to fertilize in time, resulting in spikes and seedlessness.
5, fertilization is unreasonable. The lower the fertility, the greater the density and the higher the empty stalk rate. Single fertilizer has higher empty stalk rate than formula fertilization. Application of binary fertilizer has higher empty stalk rate than three-element fertilizer.
Prevent measures:
1, weaken the top advantage. The emaphoresis technique used in production can effectively reduce the apical dominance, reduce the suppression of tassel on the ear, adjust the reasonable distribution of nutrients, and reduce the empty stalk rate. When the tassels are exposed, the tassels are pulled out by the interlaced or septum, and no functional leaves should be removed. After his dearth, there was only half of tassel left in the field. After the pollination is completed, remove the remaining half of the tassels to reduce nutrient consumption and increase grain weight.
2, rational close planting. In general, 2800-4000 strains are planted per acre, and the spacing is 27 centimeters and 70 centimeters. The compact variety of vertical leaves is about 5000 strains per acre, and the spacing is 17 centimeters and 80 centimeters. The increased row spacing facilitates ventilation and light transmission, increases the photosynthetic capacity, increases the nutrition of the ear, promotes ear differentiation, and reduces the empty stalk rate.
3, the implementation of leaf age fertilization. When the leaf age index reaches 30%, that is, when the five leaves are unfolded, the organic fertilizer applied to all organic fertilizers is topdressed with phosphorus and potash fertilizers; when the leaf age index reaches 30% to 35%, ie, when 5 to 6 leaves are unfolded, the top dressing amount accounts for 60 percent of the total nitrogen fertilizer. %; The leaf age index reaches 60% to 70%, ie 12 to 13 leaves are unfolded, and the remaining 40% of nitrogen fertilizer is chased.
4, pouring pumping male flower water. The tassel is sensitive to water for the first 15 days. If the soil moisture content is less than 80% of the maximum water capacity in the field, it should be watered immediately to promote the development of the ear, shorten the male and female flower spacing, facilitate normal pollination and fertilization, and reduce the empty stalk rate. .
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