How to achieve high-yield cultivation of Chaotian pepper? Non-polluted and high-yield planting technology
Recently, many farmers have consulted in the background: Is there any cultivation technology? Here is a piece of pollution-free high-yield planting technology for everyone, you need to refer to the pepper growers!
1 Production environmental conditions
The Chaotian pepper production base should be selected in areas with no pollution and good ecological conditions. The selection of land should be far away from industrial and mining areas and highways and railway trunk lines, avoiding the impact of industrial and urban pollution sources. The production environment is in line with the atmospheric environmental quality standards issued by the Ministry of Agriculture, the farmland irrigation water quality standards and the farmland soil environmental quality standards.
2 High-yield cultivation techniques
2.1 Seed Preparation
2.1.1 Variety selection
Choose high-yield, high-quality, anti-disease, wide adaptability, and good commercial varieties of Chaotian pepper.
2.1.2 Seed treatment
Before germination in the small arch shed or greenhouse greenhouse, the germination treatment of the pepper seeds can promote the quick and uniform emergence of the pepper seedlings and increase the emergence rate.
The specific method is as follows: the seeds that have been sun-dried for 1 to 2 days are placed in a bag, firstly immersed in warm water of 50-55 ° C for 10-15 minutes, and continuously stirred. After soaking in warm water, transfer the seeds into water at about 30 °C, continue to soak for 12 to 24 hours, then put them into a 20-30 °C insulated container to germination, wash once a day with warm water of about 25 °C, turn the seeds up and down, germination 4 to 5 days, the seeds can be sown after being exposed to white.
2.2 sowing seedlings
2.2.1 Seedbed selection
Choose a flat terrain, ventilate to the sun, close to the water source, the soil is loose and fertile, and the winter is ploughed 20 to 30 centimeters for freezing and sun-curing. However, it is forbidden to raise seedlings in the same plot, and plots with underground pests should be controlled by chemicals. The area of ​​the seedbed is determined according to the area planted in the field. Generally, 1 mu of Chaotianjiao needs 15 to 20 square meters of seedlings, and about 150 grams of seeds are needed.
2.2.2 seedbed finishing
10 to 15 days before sowing, apply 5,000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure, 30 kg of superphosphate, 20 kg of urea per mu, and mix the soil evenly to make the soil and fertilizer mix evenly, making a flat 1.2-1.5 m wide. . The nursery nursery requires a flat, straight, and the soil is loose and the soil is fine.
2.2.3 Suitable sowing
The western Henan region generally selects sunny mornings in late February and early March. Before sowing, the bottom of the pot is poured first, after the underwater seepage, the seeds are mixed into the soil 2 to 3 times, mixed evenly and then sprinkled in the nursery to restore the seeding several times to ensure uniform seeding, then Cover the fine soil about 1 cm above, cover evenly to prevent the seeds from appearing on the ground. After planting, build a plastic film small arch shed or build a film on the built shed in time to prevent freezing and warming.
2.2.4 Seedbed Management
Before sowing to emergence, the ground in the sputum should be kept moist to prevent soil compaction. When the seedlings are unearthed, water can be poured once to make the cotyledons straight and rooted. Keep the temperature of the seedbed at 20~30°C during the day and 15~20°C at night. During the day, the temperature in the seedbed should not exceed 30°C. The weather should be properly ventilated and cooled, and the temperature should be lowered to prevent the blade from burning. Cover the straw curtain before the cold wind to prevent frostbite. seedling. In order to prevent seedlings from growing wild and growing into tall feet, attention should be paid to timely ventilation and ventilation.
7 to 10 days before transplanting, gradually increase the vents until the film is exposed to reduce the temperature of the seedbed and strengthen the seedlings to facilitate the slow seedling after transplanting. When the surface of the bed soil is dry, choose to water and moisturize on a sunny day, and when the humidity in the bed is too high, ventilate and drain.
2.3 Daejeon Planting
2.3.1 Field preparation
Chaotian pepper is a good place to eat, it is not suitable for continuous cropping. It is necessary to use non-low-lying land that has not been planted with solanaceous vegetables within 2 to 3 years. In the spring, when you are preparing the land, you should plow the soil and reach the soil and the soil is about 25 cm. According to the principle of fertilization of “combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, supplementation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micro-fertilizerâ€, the optimized formula fertilization is carried out.
The high-quality organic fertilizers that should be used in pollution-free production include compost, manure, decomposed manure and manure, green manure, decomposed crop straw, and cake fertilizer. The fertilizers and micro-fertilizers allowed to be used in limited quantities are urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, phosphate fertilizer (diammonium phosphate, superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, etc.), potassium fertilizer (potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, etc.), zinc (zinc sulfate) Boron (borax) and the like. In combination with spring land preparation, 70 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 25 kg of potassium sulfate, 50 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, and 3000-5000 kg of soil fertilizer are generally applied. After the preparation of the ground, the sputum is made in time, the width is 60-70 cm, the narrow 畦 50 cm, the 畦 high 10-15 cm, and the mulch. It is required to complete the land preparation 7 to 10 days before transplanting.
2.3.2 transplanting method
After the rain is broken (in the middle and late April), the planting distance is as follows: the plant spacing is about 15 cm per plant, the double plant is about 25 cm, the cultivation density is 8,000-9000 plants per mu, and the double plant is 5000 plants. / acre or so, broken film punching, soil transplanting, pouring enough water, sealing soil. When transplanting, remove diseased seedlings, weak seedlings, and mixed seedlings and mutants.
2.4 Daejeon Management
2.4.1 Fertilizer and cultivation management
After transplanting, the seedling period should be no watering or less watering, in order to improve the ground temperature and promote root development. The yield of Chaotianjiao fruit is mainly concentrated on the side branches, so about 20 days after transplanting, the heart should be topped in time to limit the growth of the main stem and promote the side branches to win high yield. After the fruit is placed, the water content is gradually increased. If the base fertilizer is insufficient, it should be sprayed with 2% to 3% urea solution, 0.3% to 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and 0.2% borax solution at the initial stage of fruit setting. Foliar surface, top dressing outside the roots, supplemented with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micro-fertilizer.
3 Disease prevention
The main diseases of Chaotianjiao are anthrax, blight and viral diseases.
The method for controlling the same is: using 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder 600-800 times liquid or 50% poly-sulfur suspension 600 times liquid spray to control anthracnose; using 58% of metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder 500 to 700 times liquid control disease, early blight, 20% virus A600 times solution or 1.5% plant disease 1000 times liquid spray to prevent viral diseases.
The above is all the key points of Chaotian pepper planting technology. I hope that it will help the farmers who planted Chaotian pepper. More pepper planting skills are available in Huinong.com!
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