How does soybeans guarantee production? Common pests and diseases of soybeans and their control measures
How does soybeans guarantee production? Soybean is native to China and is one of the essential ingredients on our table. In the process of planting soybeans, due to the influence of pests and diseases, the yield of soybeans is often reduced. It can be seen that brown streak, downy mildew and red spider are good. The control of soybean pests and diseases such as double-spotted leaf beetle, poisonous moth, heartworm, and aphid is particularly important.
First, soybean brown streak disease
1, the main symptoms
The leaves produce multi-angled or irregular auburn small spots that cause the leaves to turn yellow and the disease grows rapidly as the temperature decreases.
2, prevention and treatment methods
According to the local planting conditions and climate, choose the appropriate variety; according to the growth of soybean, scientific fertilization, reasonable irrigation; in the early stage of the disease, spray 2-3 times according to the condition, 250 g / azoxystrobin suspension 0.9-1.2 liter; or 50 % carbendazim wettable powder 1.5 kg per hectare; or 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder sprayed with 1.5 kg per hectare.
Second, soybean downy mildew
1, the main symptoms
Mainly harmful seedlings or adult leaves, pods and bean granules, from the first pair of true leaf base chlorotic plaques, along the main veins, lateral veins, causing the whole leaves to chlorotic; when the raining period before or after the flowering period, the diseased leaves Turn yellow and brown and dry.
2, prevention and treatment methods
Choose high-yield, high-quality, disease-resistant varieties suitable for local cultivation; increase phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and foliar fertilizer; use 72% frost urea·manganese-zinc wettable powder per hectare 2.5-2.7 kg per hectare; or 722 g/liter downy mildew Wei hydrochloric acid saline agent 0.9-1.5 liters; or 68% fine nail cream · manganese zinc water dispersible granules 1.0-1.5 kg; or 63% cream · manganese zinc wettable powder 2.5-3.0 kg; or 687.5 g / liter of fluoride bacteria · Frostbite suspension agent 0.9-1.125 liters prevention.
Third, soybean red spider
1, the main symptoms
It is mainly that the young, the young, and the nymphs suck the sap in the silky net of the leaf of the leaf, and the yellow leaves are yellow spots in the early stage of the damaged bean leaves. In severe cases, the leaves are curled and the coke falls off, and the serious plot is like a fire.
2, prevention and treatment methods
Remove weeds and litter from the ground, roadsides and fields, eliminate the overwintering insect source; rationally irrigate and fertilize, enhance the ability to resist damage; use natural enemy control, such as the tower six-pointed thrips, horizontal-grained thrips and some ladybugs , long cockroaches and spiders; found that there are sporadic peas leaves appear yellow and white spots are harmful, using 20% ​​oxazin thiocyanate, 20% dicofol emulsifiable concentrate, 30% chlorpyrifos EC, 40% acesulfame, etc. 1000 times liquid, spray 50 kilograms of dilution liquid per acre; 73% gram of lactic acid 1500 times dilution, 50 kg of liquid per acre.
Four-spotted beetle
1, the main symptoms
Mainly in the middle and late growth of soybeans, it is harmful to compound leaves. In severe cases, the compound leaves can be eaten up.
2, prevention and treatment methods
Reduce the number of insect sources in the coming year by destroying the wintering place of adults; use 0.3 g/L deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate 0.3-0.4 liter per hectare; or 25 g/L beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 0.3-0.4 liter; or 4.5% beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 0.3-0.4 liters, controlled by water spray.
Five, soybean moth
1, the main symptoms
The newly hatched larvae stalked the leaf flesh to eat the leaf flesh, which was later dispersed, causing the leaves to bite into nicks and holes, causing the plants to weaken and the yield to drop.
2, prevention and treatment methods
The light traps adult insects; sprays 700-800 times of liquid containing 10 billion spores of bacillus bacillus per gram; if necessary, sprays 90% crystal trichlorfon 800 times liquid or 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable oil 1000 times liquid.
Six, soybean heartworm
1, the main symptoms
The larvae feed on the pods, and the larvae are covered with a white silk screen to cover the larvae before they break in, and the damaged beans bite into a channel or broken.
2, prevention and treatment methods
Timely autumn turnover, increase the mortality of overwintering larvae; in the adult period, 80% of the enemy's fascinating emulsifiable concentrate is 100-150 ml per acre; control larvae with pyrethroid pesticides, 25 g/l of beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 0.225-0.3 per hectare l or 25 g/L of deltamethrin EC 0.45-0.75 L or 4.5% Ethrefloxacin 0.3-0.6 L, sprayed with water.
Seven, soybean aphids
1, the main symptoms
Adults and nymphs suck the juice on the growth point of the soybean plants, the young leaves of the parietal leaves and the tender stems. When severely covered with stems and leaves, the plants are short, the roots are poorly developed, the yield is reduced, and even the whole plant is dead.
2, prevention and treatment methods
Do a good job in seed treatment to control underground pests and early aphids; spray powder with 1.5% dimethoate powder or 1.5% pure powder or 2% acaricidal powder, 1.5-2 kg per acre; use 40% dimethoate or 50% cockroach emulsifiable concentrate or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1500-2000 times liquid spray control.
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