High-yielding cultivation techniques of Agrocybe aegerita

Agrocybe genus Agaricalus, fecal umbrella, mushroom, also known as tea mushroom, shiitake mushroom, mushroom; caps first birth, then flat by the development, in the light, brown, the edge is light; bacteria meat white, hypertrophy; bacteria Pleated and stipe straight or indistinguishable, brownish brown, light brown later; stipe in solid, 4-12 cm long, pale yellow-brown; fungus ring white, membranous, supernate, spores ovate to Oval. Agrocybe aegypti is nutrient-rich. Its protein content is as high as 19.55% and contains 18 amino acids. The highest content is methionine, which accounts for 2.49%, followed by glutamic acid, aspartic acid, isoleucine, glycine and alanine. The amino acid content is 16.86%. The content of 8 essential amino acids required by the human body is complete, and there are abundant B vitamins and mineral elements such as potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc. Chinese medicine believes that the mushroom is sweet and warm, non-toxic, has the effect of invigorating spleen and diarrhea, and has a special effect of anti-aging, cholesterol lowering, cancer prevention and anti-cancer. First, growth conditions 1. Nutrition. Agrocybe aegerita is a woody rot fungus that has a weak ability to decompose lignin and cellulose. The wild Agrocybe aegerita is only born on the Camellia oleifera tree. After artificial domestication, it can be used as cultivation materials such as tung tree, maple, willow, eucalyptus, poplar and other broad-leaved trees. However, the use of loose wood and less tannin-containing wood chips is more suitable for the growth of tea mushroom. It can make full use of bran, rice bran, and cake fat as nitrogen sources. In addition to the use of miscellaneous wood chips, Agrocybe aegerita, bagasse, straw, cottonseed hulls, and grasses can also provide carbon sources. The mono- and disaccharides are the best among the carbon sources, and the starch and cellulose use capacity is weak. If the culture material formula contains only glucose, the mycelium grows loosely, and with a small amount of sucrose, the mycelium grows densely and grows vigorously. It shows that the mycelium growth process requires mineral elements. 2. Temperature. Agrocybe is a medium-temperature edible fungus. On the PDA medium, the spores germinated at 26°C for 24 hours, and after 48 hours, fine hyphae were visible to the naked eye. The optimum temperature for mycelium growth is 23-28°C, and growth is stopped at more than 34°C and can be stored at minus 4°C for 3 months. The temperature range of the primordial differentiation of fruiting bodies is 12-26°C, and the optimum temperature is 18-24°C. Lower or higher temperature will delay the primordial differentiation. The temperature is lower, the fruit body grows slowly, but the tissue is strong, the mushroom shape is large, and the quality is good; the temperature is relatively high, and the umbrella and the long-handled shiitake mushroom are easy to open. 3. Moisture. Agrocybe cultured medium moisture content should be controlled at 60% -65%, that is, grab a handful of culture medium, with a pinch, fingers wet, slightly drops of water but does not flow, fingers loosen into pieces, after landing It is advisable to open it. However, different types of sawdust and different thicknesses are slightly different and should be handled flexibly. When the mycelium grows, the relative humidity of the air is required to be less than 70%; the development period of the fruit body is 85%-95%, and the growth period is appropriately reduced to prolong the shelf life of the product. 4. Air. Agrocybe is a large aerobic fungus, very sensitive to carbon dioxide, poor ventilation carbon dioxide concentration, easy to cause slow growth of mycelium, fruit stalk length, small cover, early umbrella, malformed mushrooms and other phenomena. 5. Light. Agrocybe aegerita is a phototrophic fungus, and the fruiting body has the characteristics of phototaxis growth. The appropriate diffuse light is a necessary condition for completing the normal life history. During mycelium cultivation, growth still occurs in the absence of light, but no fruit body is formed. The fruiting body is not easy to differentiate without illumination, and the suitable light intensity is 50-300 lux. 6. pH. Agrocybe aegerita hi weak hygrophilic environment, the optimum pH 5.5-6.5, pH value below 4 or 6.5 above mycelial growth sparse and slow. Second, seed production methods Agrocybe can be divided into spring and autumn cultivation. The cultivation season should be based on the local temperature changes, choose the appropriate time to cultivate. Practice has proved that in the hot season, when the temperature drops to 24°C and the temperature rises to 18°C ​​in the low temperature season, a large number of fruit bodies will be formed. Therefore, the spring planting should be carried forward for 2 months when the local temperature is stable at 18°C, and then the cultivation bag will be delivered. The planting temperature was stable at 24°C and pushed forward for 2 months to grow the bags. In general, in April-June and September-November, Guangdong, the mushrooming is more ideal. In the high-altitude LU area from July to August, it can also be normally mushroomed. In the early winter, appropriate insulation can also be used for mushrooming. (a) strain production. The production time of the cultivar is equal to the number of days required for cultivating the cultivar by the date of cultivation of the cultivation bag. The production time of the original species is equal to the actual opening date of the cultivation of the cultivar, and the same method can be used to calculate the number of days. Kind of production time. Agrocybe aegerita strains in the same culture conditions, different culture medium requires a large difference in culture time. 1. Production of female parent species: Agrocybe aegerita parent species, often selected from a fruiting body or a wild fruiting body that is grown well, is used as a tissue separating material. The strains isolated from the tissues were then subjected to an adaptive test to screen out strains with excellent economic traits for demonstration and promotion. Parental Medium Formulation and Production: Formula 1: Potato 200 g, glucose 20 g, agar 20 g, water 1000 ml, natural pH. Formulation 2: potato 200 g, glucose 5 g, sucrose 5 g, agar 20 g, bran 50 g (boiled juice), magnesium sulfate 0.15 g, water 1000 ml, natural pH. Prepare, dispense, sterilize, and prepare ramps as normal. Isolation and cultivation. Under aseptic conditions, the stipe was cut short and cut open longitudinally. At the junction of the stipe and cap, a small piece of cut tissue was transferred to the slant medium. Placed in a thermostatic chamber at 252°C, the mycelium is covered with a slant and is the parent species. 2. Production and cultivation of original species and cultivars: Culture medium and production: The original species is commonly used as a wheat culture medium or sawdust culture medium, and is bottled with a mushroom bottle. Cultivated species due to the large amount of species, the commonly used wood chips as the main raw material for the culture medium, polypropylene bags with separate, sawdust medium and cultivation of the same formula. Mix the raw materials with water and mix well (wheat grains need to be immersed and boiled), then separate into bottles and bags and compact them. A hole was punched in the middle, and the sticky bag was cleaned to make a tampon and sterilized and cooled as usual. Inoculation culture: access to the parent species (or seed) under aseptic conditions, each parent species can be about 5 bottles of the original species, cultivars 40-45 days of culture, mycelium can be filled with bottles (bags). Third, cultivation techniques Agrocybe cultivation by spring season and spring planting. In the spring cultivation, the mycelium culture stage needs proper insulation, the temperature of the fruit body grows later, the growth is faster, the fruiting body shape is smaller, the quality is relatively poor, and it is susceptible to diseases and insect pests; in the autumn cultivation, the mycelial culture temperature is It is more suitable. The fruit bodies formed at a lower temperature have a larger flower shape, better quality, less pollution from diseases and insect pests, a higher bioconversion ratio, and good economic returns. The cultivation place can be cultivated indoors or outdoors, and the cultivation form is divided into a shelf type bag planting, a wall bag planting, a bed type potting planting, and the like. Localities can choose according to local conditions. (1) Formulation of the culture medium Formula 1: Mixed wood chips 76%, bran 20%, sugar l%, calcium superphosphate 1%, calcium carbonate 1%, gypsum l%; Formula 2: 68% of mixed wood chips, 15% bran , tea seed meal 15%, sugar 1%, gypsum powder 1%; Formulation 3: 58% of mixed wood chips, 20% of cottonseed hull, 20% of bran, sugar 1%, gypsum powder 1%; Formula 4: Miscellaneous wood 60 %, bagasse 18%, bran or rice bran 20%, calcium superphosphate 1%, gypsum powder 1%; Formulation 5: miscellaneous wood chips 60%, corncob 20%, bran or rice bran 19%, gypsum powder 1%; The formula above has a moisture content of 60%, natural pH, and 0.1% to 0.2% of carbendazim should be added in the fall cultivation; 10% of the tea seed meal can be added to the tea cultivation area, which can effectively increase the yield. (2) Indoor bag planting Indoor bag planting can use greenhouses, mushroom houses and idle empty houses, etc. The cultivation of self-cultivating bacteria to mushrooming is done in the same place. The environmental microclimate of the indoor bag plant is easy to be controlled by humans. It is easy to manage, easy to obtain high quality and high yield, and is also suitable for factory cultivation. 1. Selection and disinfection of indoor pouches requires clean, hygienic, and away from workshops, warehouses and poultry houses, with good temperature control and light transmission. Before the cultivation, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive insecticidal and disinfection. First, after cleaning and cleaning, use 500-800 times of dichlorvos solution to spray insecticide. After every 3-5 days, use sulphur or formaldehyde solution for fumigation to prevent germs from growing. 2. Mixing and Dispensing and Sterilizing According to the formula of selected cultivation materials, weigh all kinds of raw materials, add water and mix well so that the moisture content reaches 60%-65 A. Use manual or bagging machine to disperse the polypropylene of 17330.005 cm. Inside the folded bag, the elasticity is the same, the material surface is flat, the filling height is 13-15 cm, and the cotton-free cover body or the collar tampon is sealed. Under normal pressure at 100 °C for 10 hours, stuffy overnight or high pressure 0.138 MPa for 1.5 hours to sterilize. 3. Inoculate and sterilize the sterilized and cooled bag. Under aseptic conditions, inoculate 1 to inoculate a shovel cultivar, and wrap it with no cotton cover or looped tampon. As far as possible, the bacteria should be in a lump, avoiding over-breaking to prevent death. The inoculated bag of bacteria is placed upright on the shelf in the room and incubated at 25i 2°C for 45-55 days. The hyphae can be filled with full bags. During germination, the interior is kept as dark as possible. Fourth, harvesting and processing Agrocybe not only mushroom cover edible, and the stipe is also very crisp, should be covered with the handle with the harvest. When the fruiting body grows, the fungus is harvested when the volume and spores have not yet occurred in large quantities. The use of a one-time harvest can also be harvested in batches and harvested in a manner such as harvesting, harvesting, and harvesting. When harvesting in batches, care should be taken to protect the young mushrooms. Usually 3-4 batches can be harvested. Each 100 kg of dry material can produce 60-70 kg of fresh mushrooms. The harvested fruiting bodies are cut off from the roots and attached impurities can be listed on the market. They can also be dried, sorted and packaged, and sold. They can also be frozen and preserved or processed into clear water cans after classification. The methods are briefly described as follows: (1) Quick-freezing and fresh-keeping The Agrocybe aegerita is classified and the size of the mushroom body is as consistent as possible to avoid uneven temperature during the quick-freezing process. Vacuum sealed packaging can extend the shelf life. First pre-cooled to 0-5 °C, then the temperature dropped to minus 39 °C below. The storage temperature after quick-freezing is lower than minus 18°C, which guarantees a shelf life of up to one year. (2) Tank 1. Process flow: Pre-cooking of selected materials Cooling a graded soup A canister An exhaust seal A sterilizing cooling A heat preservation storage. 2. Operation points: (1) Pre-cooking cooling of the choice of ingredients. To harvest when the mushroom cover has not yet fully opened, the mushroom body is complete, no deformity, damage. Cut away handle base impurities. Handle length is controlled at about 10 cm, rinse with water, cook in boiling water for 3-5 minutes, remove and quickly cool in running water. (2) graded soup. After cooling, remove and drain to collect and grade the size of the cap. Each level is 10mm. Prepare 2.5% salt water and reserve it after boiling. (3) canning. Choose a 315 ml glass bottle, 180 g can, and add hot soup. (4) exhaust seal. Exhaust with a heated exhaust gas and seal when the tank center temperature is not lower than 80°C. (5) Sterilization and cooling. Sterilization sterilization, sterilization for 10-50 minutes / 100 °C, using sub-cooling cooling 100-80 °C under 5 minutes, 80-60 °C under 5 minutes, 60-38 °C under 5 minutes. (6) Insulation storage. Wipe the surface of the cans with water traces, and keep them at a temperature of 361°C for 5 days. Remove unqualified cans and store them in the warehouse. 3. Technical indicators: (1) Sensory index color: light yellow to yellow brown, dark color in the center of the cap, clear soup; taste, smell: canned tea mushroom should taste and smell, taste fresh, no odor; Organizational form: The mushroom shape is basically complete, the cap is flexible, allowing a small amount of cracks, no serious deformities, crispy stipe, the same length of stipe in the same tank. (2) Physical and chemical indicators Solids: not less than 5% of net weight; Saline concentration: 0.8%-1.5%; Microbiological indicators: No pathogenic bacteria and spoilage caused by microorganisms.

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