High-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques for spring, summer and autumn

The introduction of spring-sown varieties Baiyuchun, summer-sowing variety Shinong R706, and autumn-sown variety Zhedachang for off-season cultivation not only yields high yield, but also benefits. The main cultivation techniques are summarized below.

1, spring greenhouse cultivation

1.1 variety selection

White jade spring radish, Nongchun Dagen radish (raised by Korean farmer BIO Co., Ltd.), the number of leaves is small, the roots are swollen quickly, and the convulsions are stable. The fleshy roots are smooth and tidy, with few roots and cracks, and the roots are all white and long. Good flavor, crisp and sweet, juicy, and late. The root weight can reach 1 kg in 60 days after sowing.

1.2 Main cultivation techniques

1 Strict sowing period: The ambient temperature is above 10 °C, and it can be sown in fine weather for more than 7 consecutive days. Generally, the sowing time in the Yangtze River Basin: greenhouse + plastic film mulching cultivation from late December to early January; mulching cultivation is February From early to early March; open field cultivation in early March.

2 Apply sufficient base fertilizer and fine soil preparation: generally apply 2000 kg of high-quality human and animal manure per mu, 50 kg of compound fertilizer, 1 kg of boron fertilizer and 2000 kg of soil fertilizer.

3 reasonable density sowing: reasonable density can not only obtain high yield, early maturity, but also conducive to field management and reduce pests and diseases. Generally 40 cm × 30 cm is more suitable. At the time of sowing, each hole is permeated with high-quality thin and decomposed human and animal manure, and one full seed is placed, and the soil is about 1 cm thick. After sowing, the seedlings tend to fall, and the root shape is not straight in the future; the seeding too deep affects the emergence speed, and is not conducive to the cultivation of strong seedlings. At the same time, the seedlings are prepared with nutrient mash at a ratio of 5% for filling. When the sputum is arranged tightly, it can also be transplanted directly with the glutinous seedlings with a diameter of 5-10 cm. This not only facilitates management, but also makes full use of the greenhouse facilities, and the economic benefits are significantly improved.

4 Field management: 7-10 days after sowing, close the greenhouse to facilitate emergence. Due to the unstable temperature in early spring, after the seedlings, it is necessary to properly refine the seedlings. Generally, the daytime temperature is controlled at 15-20 °C, and the nighttime is 10-15 °C. Even if the temperature in the rainy weather is above 0 °C, the skirt should be opened in the leeward sun, moderately ventilated and cooled. At the beginning of March, when the nighttime temperature is stable above 10 °C, it can be ventilated day and night to promote the balanced growth of roots and leaves. When 2 to 3 true leaves are used to replenish the seedlings, it is best to keep the cotyledons perpendicular to the row. In the seedling stage, it needs less fertilizer and water, and the local is more rainy, without watering or fertilizing. In the middle and late growth stages, the topdressing is divided into two times. For the first time in the 30 days after sowing, when 4-5 true leaves were used, most of the radishes were “broken belly”, and 10 kg of urea and 5 kg of potassium chloride were uniformly applied per acre; the second time was about 45 days after sowing. When most radishes are “outcropping”, 10 kg of urea is evenly applied per acre. After the first top dressing, the soil must be kept moist and the fertilizer is sufficient to prevent convulsions and early convulsions. Even rainy days should cover the film to prevent rain, prevent waterlogging and improve the quality of radish. Early spring radish has fewer pests and diseases. In the seedling stage, it is necessary to prevent excessive humidity, induce stagnation disease, and control leaf miners and mites in the middle and late stages. After 60 days of sowing, harvest according to market conditions in advance or later.

2, summer cultivation

2.1 variety selection

Shi Nong 706, Bai Yu Xia (developed by Korean farmer BIO Co., Ltd.), growing period of 50-55 days, strong disease resistance and heat resistance, short outer leaves, less roots and roots, high commodity, single weight 1.0 —1.5.

2.2 Main cultivation techniques

Generally, after harvesting in early spring, Nanjing white, May evening, etc., the fields are cleared and the sun is sown. The sowing period is from early May to early July. Before the sowing, 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is evenly applied per mu. The seeding density is 40 cm x 25 cm. When planting, first pour the bottom water, add a small amount of trichlorfon in the water to control underground pests. Add 1 full-bodied seed to each hole and cover with high-quality soil and fertilizer.

High temperature and rain in summer, easy to induce downy mildew, powdery mildew and soft temple disease, timely inspection, timely medication, commonly used agents are metalaxyl, agricultural streptomycin, agricultural anti-120. Pests mainly include Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae, Pseudomonas sinensis and aphids. Early prevention and early treatment, commonly used insecticides are avermectin, vegetable hi, dimethoate, enemy killing and kung fu. For the mature larvae, artificial capture is appropriate in the morning.

After each rain, it is necessary to catch the fine soil and weeding in the fine weather. If the grass weeds occur, we can use the stable or high-efficiency grass to spray the leaves in the weed 2-4 leaf stage. Effective control, radish enters the expansion stage, the demand for fertilizer and water increases, generally 2-3 kg of urea per acre, 1-2 kg of potassium chloride; enter the "fixed pile" stage, 5-10 kg of urea per acre , potassium chloride 2-4 kg. Since then, the water has to be evenly distributed to keep the soil moist. If there is heavy rain or even rain, it is necessary to do a good job of clearing and draining. After 50 days of sowing, most of the radish began to “round”, and it was harvested according to market conditions. The 5 cm long petiole was left at the time of harvesting to reduce water loss. The output per mu is 3000-4000 kg, and the output value is 1000-1200 yuan.

3, early autumn cultivation

3.1 Variety selection

Zhejiang University is long, 70 days in the growing season, the leaves are semi-erect, the lobes are 11-13 pairs, and the plant height is 60 cm. The fleshy root is long cylindrical, 20-40 cm long and 8-9 cm horizontal. 2/3 is exposed to the ground, the tail is sharp, the flesh is white, the skin is smooth, the lateral roots are few, and the single root weight is 0.5-1.5. Heat-resistant, fertilizer-resistant, high yield, suitable for cultivation in sandy loam.

3.2 Main cultivation techniques

1 sowing period: to control the planting on August 10-30. Premature sowing, excessive pests, increased production costs, while high temperature is not conducive to high yield; late sowing, late low temperature affects the expansion of meat roots.

2 Soil preparation: Select the sandy loam field, carry out deep ploughing, and plow the depth of 33 cm or more without hard clods. Generally, fertilization is based on base fertilizer, and the implementation of general application is 2000 kg per mu, and 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer. According to the north-south direction, the width is 1.3 meters and the height is 0.4 meters.

3 seeding: punch the hole at a density of 35 cm × 33 cm, pour the bottom water with dilute water with trichlorfon, fill 3 seeds per hole, cover the seed with 1 cm thick with loose and moist fine soil. Cover the entire hole so that it can be fully seeded under adverse weather conditions during drought or storm.

4 field management: 2 to 3 true leaves when the seedlings, leaving 1 strong seedlings per hole. At this time, the hypocotyls of most of the seedlings have long and fallen ground. They should be combined with the soil to prevent the wind from breaking the seedlings and ensure that the fleshy roots stand upright. In the seedling stage, the weather is hot and dry, and the water is used in the morning and evening. Appropriate seedlings before "breaking belly", but at this time high temperature and drought, if water shortage can be used to supplement water in the morning and evening, and add 2 kg of urea per acre; 15 pieces of true leaves, evenly apply urea 3 kg per acre, 5 kg of potassium chloride z. After that, the amount of water required is greatly increased. The water can be irrigated by the water pump once every 7 days, and the soil is always moist. When 20 true leaves are used, the transverse diameter of the fleshy root is 1.5-2.0 cm, which is the growth period of the fleshy roots. The amount is increased again. Generally, 10 kg of urea and 5 kg of potassium chloride are uniformly applied per acre. Watering was stopped 5 days before harvesting.

There are not many diseases in summer, mainly to prevent soft rot. After the last fertilization, the agricultural streptomycin is sprayed 1-2 times before the radish head, which can be effectively controlled. From the emergence of seedlings to harvesting, pests continue, using insecticidal or ruthen to control cabbage caterpillars and diamondback moth, using avermectin + acetamiprid, ruthenium + cypermethrin or insecticide + deltamethrin It can effectively control the night moth pests; in the middle and late stages, it is necessary to control the mites before the closure of the line. Once the closure is carried out, it is easy to cause the mites to become disasters.

After 60 days, they gradually entered the harvesting period. When harvesting, the artificial force was pulled up upwards, the soil was removed, the leaves were cut, and the roots were flattened. Generally, the output per mu is 4,500 kg, and the output value is 1000-1400 yuan.

Fire Fighting Equipment

Fire Fighting Equipment,

DONGGUAN TENYU TECH.INC , https://www.tenyutech.com