Fruit tree fertilizer is the most important in autumn
Many experienced fruit farmers believe that: fruit trees should be high-yield, and autumn fertilizer is the key; fertilizer application in the four seasons is the most important. Fertilization in autumn has the following benefits:
The first is to help restore the tree. This year's summer and autumn floods and heavy disasters have caused many orchards to drain difficult, the roots are in the water, and many new roots are necrotic due to lack of oxygen. Therefore, in the fall, timely topdressing and remediation can timely supplement the tree nutrients, promote rooting and restore the tree.
Secondly, it is beneficial to improve soil structure and fertility. Mountain or hilly orchards generally have thin soil and low organic matter content. Fertilization in autumn is beneficial to improve soil water retention and fertilizer retention.
Again, it is conducive to enhancing the ability of the tree to prevent freezing and cold. After autumn, the soil temperature is generally around 20 °C, so the wounds with roots and roots are easy to heal, and the roots are fast and the number of hair roots is large. In addition, the greening material for fertilization in autumn is rich, and the excavation is easier, and it is mixed in the base fertilizer. Partial nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium quick-acting fertilizers are beneficial to the accumulation of nutrients in the tree, increase the concentration of tissue cell fluid, and enhance the ability to prevent freezing and cold.
Fertilization in autumn must master the following technical points:
First, the autumn base fertilizer should be 2 to 3 months earlier than the winter base fertilizer, and should be carried out immediately after the fruit picking.
Second, the autumn base fertilizer should be based on organic fertilizer and supplemented by chemical fertilizers, so that the combination of soil improvement and support, delay and quick effect complement each other. Fertilizer application should pay attention to the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. It is not advisable to apply too much quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise it will easily cause winter shoots. At the same time, it is necessary to apply trace elements in a targeted manner. Adult fruit trees are applied with 60-80 kg of organic fertilizer, 150 g of urea, 3 to 4 kg of superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate, and 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate.
Third, the fertilization method can be applied by ditch, or can be applied by disk. When the ditch is applied, a circular, rectangular, curved and other fertilization ditch is formed at the position of the canopy drip line. The ditch depth is 40 to 50 cm, and the groove width should be determined according to the amount of fertilizer applied, and the bottom of the ditch should be flat. After dripping, dry the fertilizer into the ditch and cover the soil immediately after the water is dry. Before fertilizing, the roots of the exposed grooves should be flattened along the ditch wall, and the cuts should be smooth to prevent the roots from being moldy and rotten. When fertilizing, the fertilizer should be applied layer by layer, and the coarse fertilizer such as leaves and weeds should be placed on the bottom layer. The upper layer should be placed with organic fertilizer. Each layer of fertilizer should be covered with a layer of soil. Finally, the soil should be 25-30 cm above the ground. Due to the staggered distribution of the roots of the adult orchard soil, the disc method can be used, that is, the topsoil is opened along the plant spacing or row spacing on one side of the plant, and the shallower (8-10 cm) near the trunk when the soil is rammed, farther from the trunk. Should be deep (40 ~ 60 cm), after the application of dry fertilizer, and then cover the soil.
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