Forecast on the Occurrence Trend of Diseases and Insect Pests in Autumn Sowing Period and Its Control Measures
Autumn sowing seedling is the initial stage of many kinds of pests and weeds in wheat. It provides the source of disease and weed grass for the occurrence of various diseases and weeds in the following year. This period is also a critical period for the comprehensive prevention and control of wheat diseases and weeds. All regions should attach great importance to the prevention and treatment of wheat autumn sowing. , to lay a good foundation for the harvest of wheat in the following year. According to factors such as planting structure, cultivation factors and current climatic conditions in the city, the main pests in the autumn sowing period are underground pests such as cockroaches, cockroaches, and golden worms, followed by wheat sheath blight, full-blown rot, root rot, and plexus Dwarf disease and so on. According to the survey of field worms and the occurrence of diseases and insects over the years, combined with comprehensive analysis of various factors, the forecast is as follows:
First, the total incidence of pests and diseases in the autumn sowing period is small
1, underground pests: light degree of occurrence, individual plots to achieve moderate to light. Forecast basis: 1 The density of insect population is close to normal. According to the survey conducted by the city station and counties (cities, districts), there are 2.3 kinds of underground pests per square meter per square meter, of which 1.72 are per square meter, and there is one per square meter. With 0.13 heads, there were 0.45 heads per square meter of golden needles, and the proportion of golden needles was higher than normal. The number of adult larvae elicited by black light lamps was close to normal. As of August 31, 20,861 beetles were induced, and 398 were induced on August 21-September 13th. 2Climate conditions are basically favorable. Precipitation is more in the early stage and soil moisture is suitable. According to meteorological forecast, this year's fall (from September to November), the precipitation is 90 to 130 mm, which is 1 to 2 percent more than normal. The average temperature is slightly higher than normal, which is beneficial to the occurrence of underground pests. 3 Tillage factors, multiple cropping index increase, small area of ​​deep-throwing and drying before autumn sowing, and the natural control rate of underground pests is reduced; in recent years, the area of ​​straw returning is large, which is beneficial to the breeding and breeding harm of underground pests.
2. Diseases of wheat: There are a large number of bacterial sources accumulated in the soil, such as wheat sheath blight pathogens, but the short growing period of pre-winter wheat reduces the chance of pathogen infestation, leading to milder winter wheat disease, plus In a few years, the planting area is large, the seed coating agent is used universally, and there is a certain degree of control over the diseases of wheat roots. The occurrence of disease is decreasing year by year. Wheat bush dwarf disease occurs lightly. The density of the brown planthopper is 1.1 heads/feet2, which is close to normal. In recent years, the occurrence of bushy dwarf disease has been lighter, and the rate of poisoning of Laodelphax striatellus has been low.
3. Maigengeng: In recent years, the wheat maggots in some parts of the city, such as Dongchangfu District, Chiping County, and Yanggu County, have been seriously affected. The worm mainly harms wheat, corn, millet, sorghum and grasses. Grass, the occurrence of field crops can generally reduce production by 30-50%. All localities must attach great importance to the damage of this pest. The discovery that plots of wheat and corn that have all been cut down in recent years should be investigated in detail and reported to the agricultural sector to take advantage of the favorable timing of autumn crops to take effective measures to do a good job in prevention and control.
Second, comprehensive control measures for diseases and pests in autumn sowing period
1. Strictly quarantine the seeds and do a good job of seed inspection. All the seed used for autumn sowing should be sampled and tested, and the seeds should not be used as seeds. In particular, the unit for seed production must not be used for seeds without quarantine procedures.
2. Agricultural measures: Avoid the use of unripe manure because of its strong tendency toward unfamed manure, and often the eggs are produced in them. If they are applied to the fields, they will bring in a large number of insect resources. The odor of scent and sweet materials is strong, and they especially like to cook half-cooked millet, cottonseed, sauteed bean cakes, wheat bran and so on. Golden worms have a strong tendency toward fresh and slightly wilted weeds and rot odors such as dead leaves of crops. They often cluster under grass piles and can be trapped by this method to concentrate kill. At the same time, wheat varieties with strong disease resistance were selected to reduce the incidence of wheat disease.
3. Chemical control: Vigorously promote scientific pharmaceutical seed treatment technology. Pharmaceutical treatment seeds are the key measures to prevent wheat seed propagation, soil-borne diseases, and the hazards of autumn powdery mildew, leaf rust, stripe rust, and underground pests. They are also effective in treating farm pests and preventing wheat virus diseases. Industrial and economic advantages.
1. 2% Rikenxi, 2.5% fludioxonil, 2% tebuconazole and other fungicides can be used to control wheat diseases, and 0.2% seed weight is mixed and seeded.
2, 70% Thiamethoxam seed treatment can be used to control wheat pests. Dispersible powders can be seeded in 0.2% of the seed amount. 50% phoxim EC and 20% methyl isothiophos EC can also be used. According to the agent: Water: Seed = 1:30-40:400-500 ratio dressing.
3, in the pest mixed field, the above fungicides and insecticides can be mixed, one-time application, can achieve the purpose of treating diseases and pests.
4. The wheat fields and non-grass crop rotations were carried out on the grounds of wheat roots; 10% diaziphos granules were applied before wheat sowing, or 40% phoxim EC 500ml and 20% methyl isophosphorus Fine sand is sprinkled in the sowing trench for soil treatment.
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