Existing Problems and Countermeasures in Orchard Drug Use
First, the existing orchard drug problems, orchard drug problems?
1. There is blindness in drug selection
Can not make targeted medications, learn from others, use medications that are not symptomatic, do not know the occurrence of pests and diseases in orchards, and do not understand the performance of pharmaceutical products. Different drugs cannot be distinguished for different stages of development of different pests and diseases and pests.
2. The medication time is too casual
Medication time is too arbitrary, always free to use according to their free time; or according to the use of drugs at random intervals, 10 days or 15 days; can not take the opportunity to control drug use according to the key prevention and treatment time of pests and diseases.
3. Retreatment is a serious problem
Diseases and pests should be based on prevention. Control of pests and diseases should take a critical period of prevention and control. Some fruit growers often have to wait until the fruit trees have obvious symptoms of damage before spraying, unable to grasp the best prevention time, not only increase the number of medications, and the control effect is poor, resulting in greater losses.
4. Increase the dosage arbitrarily
A lot of fruit farmers have always believed that the amount of medicine is better than that of less, the concentration is greater, and the amount of medicine is arbitrarily increased, and the medicine is not scientifically used. Do not look at the instructions in the production of medication, do not say when dispensing or not the amount of drugs, just add the agent with the idea of ​​arbitrary, often increasing the concentration of medication. Some are even more concentrated than once, which not only wastes pesticides and causes phytotoxicity, but also artificially increases the resistance of insect pests.
5. The more effective the type of pesticide applied, the better
Some growers use a fungicide and an insecticide. They also feel uneasy. They often mix a variety of pesticides, and even mix five or six kinds of pesticides. They think that this kind of disease is a kind of drug. Diseases are all their own responsibility. In fact, most of the pesticides themselves are compound dosage forms. If several drugs used in combination have the same mechanism of action, they will virtually increase the amount of drugs used. At the same time, some pesticides will cause acid-base neutralization, reduce the efficacy or form insolubles, which will lead to the occurrence of phytotoxicity.
6. Poor safety awareness in the use of pesticides
When choosing pesticides, only pay attention to the control effect of pesticides without considering the toxicity of pesticides. No safety precautions are taken during the dispensing and spraying process. When the medical device leaks, it is not timely repaired. After spraying intermittently or after spraying, do not wash your hands to smoke, drink water or eat. Spraying medicines for a long time in high winds and hot weather often causes poisoning accidents.
7. Bad spray habits
When pesticides are sprayed, close spraying, large amount of water in the spray hole, and the distance between the sprayer and the fruit trees are too close. The leaves of the fruit trees are under the impact of high pressure, and some are turned over, and some of the leaves or fruit are shot down or damaged. Fruit surface. Diseases and insect pests are not washed down by medicine but by internal aspiration, contact killing, and fumigation. The large pore size of the pores tends to close the stomata of the plants, resulting in less absorption of liquid medicine and more loss. This kind of spraying method has a large investment and poor results, and it is easy to accumulate excessive liquid chemicals in the crucible. Long-term accumulation can easily cause phytotoxicity. Affect fruit quality.
8. Inadvertently protect the environment and natural enemies
In the production, pesticides do not take into account the environmental pollution, such as the extensive use of broad-spectrum insecticides such as enemy killing and extermination, killing ladybugs, grasshoppers and spiders while killing leafhoppers and aphids. Such beneficial insects destroy ecological balance and often cause more area of ​​pests.
9. Too much emphasis on chemical defense measures
Too much emphasis on chemical prevention and control, ignoring physical and biological control. Conditions can use black light traps, sex traps, sticky board and other physical control measures. Natural enemies can also be stocked for biological control.
Second, suggestions and countermeasures
1. Various pesticides have their specific scope of use and control targets. The choice of which pesticide to use depends on the type and stage of development of the pest. For example, abamectin, tetracycline, spironolactone, and bufalin, etc. are used as acaricides, but tetracylinazine, an egg-killing product, is used to prevent and control fleas in the period of concentrated occurrence of eggs, fungicides. There are also many species, but also fungi, bacteria and viruses.
2. We must adhere to the principle of prevention for pest control. Strengthen management, increase tree vigor, and increase resistance to disease in trees. Through controlling the fruit tree's result volume, deep-turning soil, fertilizing and other measures to keep the tree robust, it can reduce the incidence of pests and diseases. Do a good job in the orchard's clean garden work. Fallen leaves, dead branches, diseases, insects, and cracks are wintering sites for rot, ring rot, and some pests. Clean the fallen leaves, remove the pests, scrape the old skin, and combine Pruning cut pests and branches, dead branches concentrated burned or buried, and sprayed once before germination 5 Baume degrees lime sulfur, can effectively reduce the number of overwintering disease base. Seriously do a good job in forecasting and forecasting pests and diseases, accurately grasp the occurrence of pests and diseases in orchards, and seize the best period of prevention and treatment for prevention and treatment.
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