Essentials of October Citrus Management Technology
October is the season of transition from autumn to winter. The temperature drops quickly, and in some areas there will be continuous rain, drought and early frost. At this time, it is a critical period for citrus production. Farmers who plant citrus must pay attention. So how to manage October citrus?
1. Nursery management
Continue to complete the work of grafting the abdomen. Qualified seedlings will be planted or pseudo-planted in the nursery after the ripening of autumn shoots.
2. Sapling management
1. Seedling colonization
â‘ Dig the planting hole. The standard of fixed planting hole is 1.2 meters in length and width, and 0.8-1.0 meters in depth. When digging a hole, the surface soil is piled up and used to backfill the planting hole. Back to press fertilizer. Put 10 cm of poor soil in the bottom layer, then 50 kg of mixed fertilizer, or 10 kg of crop stalks, and then return to 10 cm of poor soil; the middle layer will be 25 kg of rotten pig manure, 15 kg of human feces or oil cake 2 Kg (to be rotted), 1.5 kg of superphosphate, placed around the planting hole, backfill with 30 cm of mixed topsoil; the top layer is backfilled with the best topsoil. After backfilling, dig a planting hole of about 0.4 meters in the center of the planting hole.
â‘¡ Colonization of container seedlings. Take the seedlings and pat the nutrient bucket loose with the palm of your hand to take out the seedlings; hold the seedlings with your left hand and use your right fingertip to scrape off the nutrient soil around the root system by about one centimeter; Root, cut off the bent root with a branch shear. Use your left hand to place the seedlings in the center of the planting hole, the root system is upright, and the root neck should be exposed to the ground; when backfilling the soil with 1/3 of the root system, use both hands to press the soil around the root system, then lift the seedlings up, and then return to the soil, use double Keep your feet firm around the seedlings. When stepping on the soil, protect the nutrient soil brought by the root system. After planting the tree, make a water circle around the tree tray. After the seedlings are planted, they are about 50 cm above the ground to ensure that the root neck of the seedlings will not be subsidence after the soil sinks. After the seedlings are planted, they should be filled with water in time, so that the root system and the soil are closely combined. For seedlings planted on rainy days, each plant is irrigated with about 15 kg of clean water. Seedlings planted on sunny days are filled with about 25 kg of clean water. 10 days after planting, irrigate water again, and within three months, 60 grams of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (15% each of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) for the next 10 days.
2. Fertilization
In early and mid-October, 1-3 years young trees, each plant applied 52, 76, 102 grams of urea, 40, 40, 55 grams of superphosphate, 17, 25, 33 grams of potassium sulfate, respectively. Fertilization method: adopt ring fertilization. Shi. Till the tree tray shallowly, and then make a tree tray with a diameter of 1.2 to 1.5 meters, which is conducive to the good development of the root system. Cultivate about 15 cm between citrus rows and press the weeds into the soil to increase soil fertility. In early and late October, 0.3% urea + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was used as a foliar spray.
3. Results Tree Management
1. Fertilization
In early and mid-October, the initial fruit tree: 7-8 kg of manure and 0.1-0.2 kg of urea were applied to each plant; the adult fruit tree: 10 kg of pig manure and 0.1 kg of urea were applied to each plant. Fertilization method: Use strip or radial fertilization, the fertilization ditch is 0.3 meters wide and deep, the length depends on the canopy, and part of the root system is cut to promote the growth of new roots. After fertilization, dip it back into the soil and make a tree tray. Based on the dripping water around the crown of the tree, plough the inside of the tree tray to build a good tree tray, which is good for the development of the root system. Cultivate about 15 cm between citrus rows and press the weeds into the soil to increase soil fertility.
In early and late October, 0.3% urea + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was used as a foliar spray to reduce the occurrence of fruit cracking.
2. Organize the drainage ditch. Prevent water accumulation in orchards and promote good root growth.
3. Remove cracked fruits and autumn flowers in time to reduce tree consumption.
Four, aging tree
The trees are over 40 years old, and from a large number of results to a gradual decline in yield is called senescent trees. A planned renewal of the canopy and root system is required.
1. Deeply turn over the fertilizer
From October to after fruit picking, turn every other row between the rows of citrus and complete it in two years, so that there is less root damage. A deep groove is formed in the periphery of the canopy, with a depth of 60-100 cm and a width of about 100 cm. Pay attention to the following three issues when making a deep turn:
â‘ Make full use of topsoil in deep turning: when deep turning, pile up topsoil for backfilling.
â‘¡Deep turn to dig through the wall: when deep turn, you must open up the compacted soil at the absorption root, use a branch shear to cut off part of the root system about 1 cm in diameter, and promote new roots.
â‘¢ Deep turning should be combined with pressing fertilizer: after deep turning, put topsoil and better fertilizer around the absorption roots. Each plant is pressed with 100 kg of residue fertilizer, 1 kg of cake fertilizer, and 1 kg of superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. Phosphate fertilizer and cake fertilizer are mixed with topsoil and pressed into the root distribution concentration layer, because phosphorus and potassium fertilizers have poor mobility in the soil. After the deep-enlarged hole is pressed, fertilizer is filled with water once in a timely manner, so that the root system is closely combined with the soil, which is conducive to the root system and the close combination, and is beneficial to the development of the root system.
2. Fertilization
10 kg of pig manure and 0.2 kg of urea were applied to each plant. Use 0.3% urea + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate as foliar spray.
5. Pest control
October is the period of occurrence of red spiders, rust ticks, leaf moths, and fruit suckers. It should be checked frequently and controlled in time.
The above are the key management techniques for citrus in October. In October, the temperature gradually decreases and the rainfall decreases. At this time, the citrus is in the mature stage of autumn shoots and the late stage of fruit expansion. In addition to strengthening the management of shoot fruits, in the middle and late of this month, The flower promotion work should also be carried out in time to ensure the yield and quality of citrus next year.
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