Cultivation Techniques of Dwarf Beans in Early Spring

Also known as string beans, sword beans, kidney beans, jade beans, etc., it is a legume plant native to tropical regions of Central and South America. Taking the tender pods as the edible part, it can not only be eaten fresh, but also processed into canned food, which is resistant to storage and transportation, rich in nutrients and fresh in flavor, and is very popular among people.

1. Variety selection. New Zealand No. 3, supplier, tender pod beans, Shuangqing 12, etc.

2. Nursery. In early February, a nutrient bowl was used to raise seedlings. Before raising seedlings, prepare nutrient soil, that is, rotted organic fertilizer 50%, vegetable garden soil 50%, add ternary (15% each) compound fertilizer 4 kg per 500 kg manure, 50% carbendazim 150 g, mix well Fill (8 cm x 8 cm) soil with a nutrient bowl, 6 cm high. Dispose the nutrient bowl into the nursery border, and irrigate with water. Put 3-4 capsules in each bowl, cover the moist nutrient soil, cover with plastic film, and keep the seedlings warm.

After sowing, the temperature during the day is 22-25 ° C, the night is 17-12 ° C, the day after emergence is 17-22 ° C, and the night is 12-7 ° C. In order to prevent the leggings from forming high-legged seedlings, the mulching film is removed when the seedlings emerge. After the emergence of true leaves, it is around 22 ° C during the day and 12-10 ° C at night. Leave 2-3 seedlings per pot, generally do not water in the seedling stage, drought occurs in the seedling stage, you can spray warm water in the morning on a sunny day, and add 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and then warm up to drain moisture. It can be planted in about 30 days of seedling age.

3. Planting

⑴Time: Seedling transplanting can be done at the end of February and the beginning of March. Seed sowing live broadcast is available in late February. ⑵Fertilization, land preparation, and bordering: 5-7 days before planting, apply 4000 kg of rot organic fertilizer, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 20 kg of urea, and 30 kg of potash fertilizer. According to 100 centimeters of pay-off, make a high border of 15 centimeters high, 30 centimeters wide and 70 centimeters wide. Cover with plastic film, buckle the shed to heat up, and cover the grass at night. ⑶ Planting: Choose cold-tail planting in the morning. Cut the "ten" zigzag opening of the mulch film, and dig the planting holes according to the small row spacing of 40 cm, the large row spacing of 60 cm, and the hole spacing of 25 cm. Pour enough water into the hole, add 50 ml of 50% wettable powder of copper succinate fertilizer (DT) to each hole, and then put the seedling pot into the pot. . After soaking seeds for direct seeding, you can cover the mulch film after sowing. After the seedlings are in the soil, the membranes are broken and the seedlings are ruptured.

4. Daily management

(1) Field management: closing the greenhouse after planting to raise the temperature, 24-27 ° C during the day and 15 ° C at night; 4-5 days after slow seedling, 15-18 ° C during the day and 15-13 ° C at night; 20-day temperature during the flowering and podding period 27 ℃, 18-15 ℃ at night. ⑵ Fertilizer and water management: After slowing seedlings, you can pour 1 slowing seedling water. At this time, the vines have begun to spread, and you can chase 10 kg of urea with the water. Afterwards, the pods will sit without watering and top dressing, and the fertilizer and water management will be carried out in accordance with the principle of "watering pods without watering, dry flowers and wet pods". When the tender pods are seated, most of them grow to 5 cm long, combined with pouring water, 10 kg of urea per mu, and 1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. After each harvest 2 times, topdressing ternary compound fertilizer once, 30 kg per mu. (3) Falling flowers and pods and prevention: There are many flower buds in kidney beans, but the falling flowers and pods are serious, about 2/3 of the total flower buds. Reducing falling flowers and pods is an important measure to increase production. To prevent falling flowers and pods, first adjust the greenhouse temperature, the temperature of flower bud differentiation at seedling stage is 20-25 ℃, the temperature of flowering pods is 18-25 ℃, * the temperature is not less than 13 ℃ in the short term. Apply sufficient organic fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and spray micro-fertilizers containing molybdenum, manganese, and boron to maintain soil moisture and proper air humidity during the pod formation period. Reasonable dense planting, timely harvesting. Spray 10-20 mg / kg α-naphthylacetic acid and 0.08% boric acid during flowering.

5. Disease prevention and control. ⑴ Kidney bean root rot: control the temperature and humidity. At the time of onset, spray 77% to kill 500 times of the wettable powder, or 70% of the manganese zinc wettable powder 1000 times to prevent and cure. ⑵ Bean bean rust: use disease-resistant varieties. Clean the garden and strengthen cultivation management. Spray 15% triadimefon wettable powder 2000 times solution at the beginning of onset, or 50% powder rustin 800 times solution. (3) Bean bacterial epidemic: Rotate crops, pick seeds from disease-free plots and plants, soak seeds in warm soup, and strengthen cultivation management. In the initial stage of onset, spray 14% copper hydrazine solution 300 times solution, or 77% can kill wettable powder 500 times solution, or 72% agricultural streptomycin 3000 times solution for 7-10 days, 2-3 consecutive times.

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