Cultivation of Black Fungus with Whole Sunlight in the North
First, the living conditions of black fungus
(I) Nutrition
Black fungus is a wood rot fungus. Sawdust and corn cobs are the main raw materials. Sawdust, corncobs, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, etc. are the main nutrient sources, and a certain amount of wheat bran and grain are supplemented.ç³ , gypsum, etc. to improve the quality and yield of fungus.
(B) Temperature
Black fungus is a medium-temperature fungus that is resistant to heat and cold. The mycelium growth temperature range is 6°C-36°C, and the optimum temperature is 22°C-28°C. It will not die at -40°C, but exceeds 36°C. °C is not good for mycelium growth. The optimum temperature for the fruit body stage is 18°C-22°C. Above 22°C, the ear piece grows fast, the ear piece is thin, and the color is light; the temperature is low, the ear piece grows slowly, the flesh is thick, and the color is black, so the spring ear and autumn ear are better than the volt ear, and the production in the north is better than the production in the south.
(c) Moisture and humidity
Black fungus is a type of hygrophilic fungus, and the water absorption capacity of the fruit body is particularly strong. The water content of the medium is 55%-65%. The relative humidity of air grown by fruiting bodies is preferably 90%-95%. The black fungus fruit body can absorb a large amount of moisture during a short period of rainfall or artificial water spray. In drier conditions, fruiting bodies shrink briefly and continue to grow after being absorbed. Therefore, in the production of wet and dry alternate, sunny and rain, in line with the habits of black fungus.
(D) Air
Black fungus is a kind of aerobic fungus, both in the germination phase and in the ear phase, should keep the air fresh, give a more adequate oxygen.
(5) Lighting
The mycelia stage generally does not require light, and can grow normally under completely dark conditions, but the light is too strong and can easily cause premature formation of primordia. The fruiting body stage requires a lot of scattered light. Under the condition of dark air, no fruiting bodies can be formed. Insufficient illumination can cause the phenomenon of abnormal development of color and light.
(6) pH
Hyphae can grow normally when the pH is 4-7, but it is more suitable for pH 5-6.5.
Second, the determination of black fungus cultivation season
The cultivation of black edible fungus is divided into two types: spring planting and autumn planting. The spring planting will produce the cultivation bags in February, and in mid- and late April, the ears will be soaked in the ear, and in July, the ears will end in mid-early. In the middle and late May of the autumn, the fungus bag can be produced. In the middle and early August, germination can be carried out in the middle and early November. The normal germination period is 45-50 days and the bacterium period is 5-7 days. 7-10 days, 45-60 days for ear collection.
Third, black fungus production of the media formula
(1) 80% of mixed wood chips, 19% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 0.5% of lime, 5g of black fungus promoter, and 55%-60% of water content.
(b) Hard Zamu sawdust: 86.7%; wheat bran: 12%; gypsum: 1%; lime 0.3%; black fungus special auxiliaries: 3-5 bags/1000 bags.
Fourth, the production process
(I) Preparation before production
1. Selection of fruiting venues: The production of black edible fungus should be done in full sunlight. The site requirements are more stringent. The site where edible fungus had been produced before can not be used, and the source of pollution and garbage can not be used, and should be kept away from the chicken house and barn to keep away from the village. The most ideal arable land.
2, according to the formula and production scale preparation:
Select fresh fresh wood such as eucalyptus, birch and poplar wood, corncobs without spoilage (shattering should be fine), fresh bran or glutinous material of the year, and others such as lime and gypsum should be of strict quality. .
3, set up a well ventilated, cold heating, heat cooling, environmental health, away from the source of pollution and water, electricity, convenient bacteria room.
4, to the powerful legal units to purchase strains and other cattle products such as plastic bags.
5. Inoculation room: It can be closed and ventilated, either in the inoculation box or in the inoculation account.
(II) Production
1, bagging, sterilization, inoculation
(1) Mixing and bagging: First mix the sawdust, wheat bran, gypsum and lime in the formula, dissolve the black fungus growth aid in the water and then add it into the material, stir it well, and then pack stuffy stuff for 15-20 minutes. . Put the bag into the outlet of the bagging machine and place it about 8cm from the bag mouth. Pull it out and compact it, fasten it tightly with a thread, and then fold back and hold it firmly.
(2) Atmospheric Sterilization: The sterilization process is directly related to the contamination of mushroom bags and the timing of mushrooming. Therefore, great care must be taken. Seed and inoculation equipment and apparatus (with 75% alcohol disinfection) are moved into the inoculation room. 8 grams per cubic meter, smoking 1.6-2 hours, the smell can be too strong to open a single door for about 15 minutes, if using formaldehyde, 15 milliliters per cubic meter, 10 grams of potassium permanganate, mixed smoke for 2 hours, ventilation for about 30 minutes . The inoculation must be performed according to the aseptic procedure. The staff should be dressed and clean. The operation should be conducted in the inoculation room. They should speak with less and move around, use 75% of their hands, sterilize with alcohol, and sterilize the appliance with flame. Two people cut plastic tape, three people beat the bacteria, three were inoculated with the inoculum, (if the amount is small enough to be a three-person group), the inoculation should be prompt and accurate, and then one can receive five or six, after the bacteria species are connected, That is, sticking with adhesive tape, stacking four bags of wells, up to 10 layers high.
(4) Fungus management: In the germination stage, the room temperature should be maintained at 22°C and 250°C. The indoor air is fresh and well ventilated. When the high temperature exceeds 28°C, the ventilation and ventilation are timely. When the fungus circle reaches 5cm, the bag is inverted and inverted. Contaminated bags.
2, for 畦:
According to the requirements, the plots were selected, leveled, and weeds were removed. The beds were 5cm in height and 90cm in width. The booths were shaped like brick yards, and about 20 bags per square were placed.
3, opening:
The fungus will germinate for 5-7 days, remove the tampon and the collar, sterilize it with 1% potassium permanganate solution, open the V-shaped mouth, open 10 (small)-20 (large) per bag, Focus on germination.
4, germination:
After raising the mouth, set -f_I to germinate, the bed surface is treated with lime, carbendazim, etc. to disinfect the bed surface. The bag is used for production, and two stages can be cut from the middle. Bags and bags ask to leave a distance of 30cm, in order to facilitate the emergence of buds and ventilation, with the bag with a new straw cover bags. Avoid sun exposure in the sun, within 7 days after opening to prevent rain, spring ear to be deducted at 4 pm 'open curtain, so that the bag receives the sun's heat and light stimulation, promote the formation of the ear base, night Do not cover, before 8 o'clock in the morning, pour water on the ground, cover the straw curtain, every day, to ear buds can be divided into the same bed (probably takes 7-10 days).
5, sub-bed:
When the ear buds come out, do the splitting. A layer of plastic film shall be laid on the ground before placing the bed, gently and gently, placed in an upright position, 20 bags per square meter.
6, watering:
The production of black fungus watering is the most critical part. Use clear, pollution-free river or well water. The pH is neutral. Special water spray facilities are used to spray water. When spraying, ask a reasonable arrangement. Suitable watering methods are as follows: 3:30 am and 3:00 pm, 7:00 pm.
7, timely harvest:
When the ear grows white spores, it must be timely harvested when it reaches eight maturity. If the tabs reach out or roll up, the quality and yield will be affected. The harvesting method can be cut with a blade at the base of the ear, do not bring sawdust, keep the ear clean. You can also use your hand to hold the lug down and remove it.
8, drying:
When drying, the ear piece should be on top and the ear base should be on the bottom. It should be a fire-like piece to tear the tab into a single piece when it is dry. Drying should be done with a net, and it should be well ventilated up and down. Use a screen window on the shelf. Do not flip on the way. Dry it once.
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