Chicken farm wild breeding management technology

The domestic chicken wild-breeding uses natural resources such as grassy grass slopes, fruit and vegetable land, and Kuba floodplain, and animal feedstuffs such as insects and earthworms, and has good isolation conditions, low disease incidence, high survival rate, and low investment. Taking advantage of the active and lively characteristics of Chinese native chickens, the need to obtain some of the green feed and protein feed from nature has reduced the cost of rearing, which in turn has given game chickens a game. Now the domestic chicken farming techniques are described below. 1. Variety selection China's high-quality native chickens, such as Taoyuan chicken, Xianju chicken, Gushi chicken, Xiaoshan chicken, Zhuanghe chicken, Sanhuang chicken, Qingyuan chicken, apricot flower chicken, etc., have a small size, beautiful color, lively Dynamic, resistant to rough feeding, strong disease resistance, suitable for stocking. Moreover, the high egg production rate, the good quality of the eggs, the tender meat, and the delicious taste are deeply loved by diners and chicken farmers. 2. Construction of the Shed (1) The selected site of the site should be selected to be sheltered from the wind and sunny, with a relatively flat topography and grassy slopes with no water, and there should be forests or orchards next to them so that the birds can reach the shade when the sun is violent. Under the cold, there must be a more open area. It is best to have grass and sand to allow chickens to freely inhabit and feed. (B) scaffolding method Generally shed 4-5 meters wide, 7-9 meters long, the middle height of 1.7-1.8 meters, 0.8-0.9 meters high on both sides. The cover usually consists of three layers. From the inside to the outside, the first layer is covered with linoleum to block the direct sunlight; the second layer is covered with straw, and the waterproof steam is dropped into the chicken shed; the uppermost layer of the cover film is waterproof and insulated on the roof. On both sides and one end, the film felt is pressed with sand and masonry, and the other end of the shed is opened with an exit to facilitate the feeding of personnel and chickens. It also facilitates ventilation and ventilation. The main bracket of the shed is fastened in four directions with iron wire to prevent the storm from rolling over the shed. (C) Clearance and disinfection of the cycle of production, if you need to use the old shed, after each batch of broiler slaughter, the chicken shed should be thoroughly cleaned, the feces, bedding, leftovers were cleaned out, replace the surface topsoil, cleaning tools . It is best to use new sheds, grass-grass slopes that are not polluted and nomadic rearing. The soil surface and utensils in the shed are first sprayed and immersed in 3% to 5% aqueous solution of Lysol, and then fumigated. 25 ml of formalin and 12.5 g of potassium permanganate are used per cubic meter of space. . The original grass-grass slopes where the chickens had been raised should also be sprinkled with 1 layer of slaked lime on the ground and then sprayed and disinfected. (d) laying mat grass In order to keep warm, usually need to lay some litter. The litter requires fresh, non-polluting, soft, dry, strong water absorption, moderate length and length, types of sawdust, small shavings, rice straw, chaff, etc., can be mixed and used. The litter should be exposed before use, and moldy grass should be singled out. Laying thickness is preferably 3-5 cm. But be smooth and at least 10 cm away from the heat source to prevent fire. Third, the feeding and management of chickens (a) feeding and management of chicks 1, timely drinking and eating: After the chicks enter the brooding room, let the chicks rest for half an hour to 1 hour, you can feed water. The general feeding is preceded by feeding, but it can also be done at the same time, because the feeding can also promote it to drink. The temperature of the water is appropriate at about 32°C. The water should not be too hot, nor can you drink cold water. The first 2 days can be used for drinking permanganate. Potassium solution. Drinking a dilute concentration of potassium permanganate solution is conducive to anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, and prevent white feather disease in chicks. After the chicks drink water, they can rapidly excrete meconium, which can promote the metabolism of the chicks and stimulate appetite. Generally, you can eat before you drink. Use broken rice or corn flour when eating. At present, chickens are usually eaten with pellets and can also feed chicks. Spread the starter food on the surface of the paper or the light-colored plastic cloth on the padding so that the chicks can feed freely. Chicks have poor digestion and must be fed to easily digestible, nutritious feeds. The chicks are relatively fast-weighted and have a strong metabolism, requiring small meals. After 2 days of hatching, the chicks have a strong appetite. At this time, feeding should be performed regularly and quantitatively. When feeding, do not let the chicks eat too much each time, but do not let the chicken be hungry. Generally it is better to feed 80% of the chicken. Overfeeding can cause indigestion. Insufficient feeding can also affect the growth and development of the chicks, and can even lead to eating evils. Feeding 80% satiety at each meal can keep the chicks appetite. It is advisable to eat 15-20 minutes per feed. 2. Appropriate Ambient Temperature and Humidity: One of the keys to the success or failure of brooding is the ability to give chicks the right temperature. When the chicks hatch, the temperature in the hatchery is 37.5°C. After the chicks are transferred from the hatchery to the brooding room, the temperature should not be too different. In hatched chicks, the villus is sparse and short, and the cold resistance is low. The body's thermoregulatory central function in chicks is not yet perfect, and the thermoregulatory function is poor. At the same time, the chicks have less food, and it is difficult to maintain the constant body temperature from the heat energy converted into the feed. This is especially true in the cold season. Therefore, it is necessary to give the chick a suitable ambient temperature. Temperature has a great influence on the body's temperature regulation, feed intake, exercise, and digestion and absorption of feed. If the temperature is too high, the metabolic function of the chick is hindered, the appetite diminishes, and the water in the body is dissipated. This can cause physiological dysfunction, affect growth and development, and weaken the body, resulting in increased mortality. At the same time the temperature is too high, it is also easy to cause respiratory diseases, causing diarrhea. If the temperature is too low, the chicks will squeeze each other when they are cold (commonly known as the heap), causing death or injury as a result of stepping on each other. In addition, the temperature is too low, it is also easy to cause respiratory diseases, causing colds, diarrhea, induced fair disease. Therefore, high temperatures and low temperatures are not good for chicks. The suitable temperature for chicks is based on the temperature of the brooders: 34-35°C for 1-2 days; 32-34°C for 3-7 days; 30-28°C for second week; 28 for the third week -26°C. The brooding period drops by 2°C per week in winter and spring, and decreases by 3°C per week in summer and autumn, and decreases to 21°C. The humidity requirement of the chicks was 70% 75% relative humidity in the first week, 60% in the 2nd week, and kept at 55%-60% after the 3rd week. Excessive humidity is conducive to the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms, which can easily induce coccidiosis. It is necessary to frequently change the litter and strengthen the ventilation. When the humidity is too low, it is too dry, so that the chicks breathe faster, and the water in the body is distributed with the respiratory tract. Absorption of the remaining egg yolk within the abdomen will affect the development of the chicks. Water can be used in the basin to allow it to evaporate naturally and achieve the purpose of humidification. 3, pay attention to groups, strengthen inspections: strong and weak groups of young chicks feeding should be carried out frequently, check the weak youngest best in the morning when the first feeding, weak chicks are easily squeezed out, that is, to catch out the group. The heavier chicks were immediately eliminated. Frequent and targeted inspections of chickens, timely detection of problems, and meticulous care are one of the important measures to obtain good brooding results. There are three main points: First, observe the appetite of chicks, understand the palatability and feeding amount of feed, analyze the proper combination of feed, whether the feed has mildew, and make timely adjustments, and promptly find out whether the growth and development of chicks are normal. Second, timely detection and diagnosis and treatment of diseases can be found in the dietary state, activity status, and fecal status of the chicks. Third, timely detection of accidents, such as power outages or heat-insulating bulbs, or burning of attachments, occurs. Restaurants, other animal pests, rodent pests, etc. that invade the flock in order to deal with it in time and reduce the death of the birds. (B) feeding and management during the growth period This period is characterized by fast growth of chickens, strong appetite, feed intake continues to increase. At this time, the skeleton and internal organs are mainly formed. The purpose of feeding is to make the chicken body fully developed and full of feathers, laying the foundation for later fattening. Feeding methods are supplemented by grazing. Generally should pay attention to the following two points: 1, male and female group rearing: general male feathers grow slowly, vulnerable to the environment, the fighting is also strong, while the utilization of protein and its lysine and other high, Therefore, the weight gain is fast and the feed efficiency is high. In addition, the roosters are strong and have a strong ability to compete for food. The hens have a strong ability to deposit fat due to differences in endocrine hormones. Therefore, the weight gain is slow and the feed efficiency is poor. The splitting of male and female parents, each listed on the appropriate day of age, facilitates the implementation of a breeding management system suitable for different sexes, which is conducive to improving uniformity and reducing the rate of defective products. During the whole growth period, regular feed supplements are used. The feed is placed in the bucket or directly on the ground, once in the morning and at night, until the net is full. 2, deworming: General grazing after 20-30 days, it is necessary to carry out the first insecticide, separated by 20-30 days and then the second insect repellent. Deworming mainly refers to the removal of parasites in the body, such as aphids and aphids. Carbofuran, levamisole or albendazole can be used. For the first time, each chicken was driven with half a tablet. For the second time, each chicken was debrided with one piece of chaffy spirit. The tablets can be powdered in the evening at the time of oral or supper, mixed with a small amount of feed, and then fed together with the entire feed for dinner. Be sure to mix the drug and feed carefully, otherwise it is prone to drug poisoning. Check the chicken manure on the second day to see if there is any excretion of the excrement, and then remove the chicken excrement to prevent chickens from eating parasites. If there are adults in the chicken dung, the next day dinner can be the same dose of insects, in order to completely remove the insects. (C) Feeding and management of the fattening period is the period from 10 weeks of age to the time of listing. The main points raised during this period are to promote the deposition of body fat in chickens, increase the fatness of broilers, and improve the glossiness of meat and feathers. Timely listing. The following three points should be paid attention to in feeding and management: First, with the increase in the age of broilers, the main tissues for growth in the body are very different from those in the middle chicken stage, from long bones, internal organs, feathers to long meats and deposited fats. The proper fat deposition of broilers can improve the meat quality of the chicken and enhance the aesthetic appearance of the carcass. Therefore, this period should generally increase the metabolic energy of the diet, and relatively reduce the protein content. The energy level of the broiler during the fattening period is generally required to reach 12.54 MJ/kg, and crude protein can be about 15%. In order to achieve this level, it is often necessary to increase animal fat. The second is the use of grazing and fattening during the fattening period. On the one hand, it allows chickens to eat natural insects, leaves, grass roots, etc., to save feed; on the other hand, it can enhance the group's constitution and improve the chicken's fleshy flavor, so that the appearance of the listed chicken, The meat quality is more suitable for consumers' demands. However, during the period of entering the fattening period, the range of activity of the chicken should be reduced, and the activity site should be reduced accordingly in order to reduce the movement of the chicken and to facilitate fattening. The third is to pay attention to insecticide, rodent control and cleaning and disinfection work. The mice both sneak feed and disturb the flock, but they are also the medium of disease transmission. Flies and mosquitoes are also the vectors that spread the disease. Therefore, it is required to kill mice 2 or 3 times a month (pay attention to recovering poisonous mice and drugs). Frequent application of pesticides to spray mosquitoes, flies, fattening, inside and outside the shed, feeding trough, tools should be regularly cleaned and disinfected, to prevent the introduction of pathogens, special attention should be paid to the emergence of birds, targeted drug prevention must be targeted Work to improve the survival rate of fattening chickens. 4. Technical measures to increase the sales price of listed chickens (I) Measures to ensure the color of listed chickens in different regions. Different people like chicken skins in different colors. Europeans like chicken skin golden yellow, Americans like milky white, most people in China. Like chicken skin with yellow. In order to ensure the appearance color of the listed chickens, the following measures can be taken: (1) Do not choose to feed mixed-bred chicken such as black-haired chicken or black-mouthed chicken. (3) During the rearing period of broiler chickens, yellow corn or yellow pigment should be added to make the carcasses appear yellow. (3) In the rearing period, slaughter chickens, during transport, and during slaughter should be prevented from colliding and squeezing, so as to avoid rupture of blood vessels, and subcutaneous congestion affects skin color. (B) as soon as possible to ensure that the slaughter of meat the quality of the short cycle, to achieve slaughter weight, the weight of 1 kg per kg more material consumption, the more cost-effective. With the increase of the age of the meat, the degree of tenderness is getting worse. In addition, in the later period of rearing, the drugs or feeds that can affect the taste of chicken meat are stopped for feeding 10 days before slaughter or listing.

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