Broad bean cultivation techniques
Broad beans like warm and humid climate, there is a certain cold resistance, and the soil requirements are not strict. Fresh faba beans are sweet and delicious, and are seasonal cuisine in spring and early summer vegetables. Fresh stems and leaves are soft, with high nutrient content and fast decay. They are excellent green manures for farmland. The cultivation techniques are now described below.
I. Variety selection
The requirements of fresh broad bean varieties are large in shape, good commercial and good taste, the preferred variety is large grain size, the grain type is relatively broad and thin, and 100 grain weight is 100-120 g.
Second, ditching and site preparation
Broad bean is a deep-rooted crop. Fine soil preparation is required before sowing to make soil soft and conducive to root expansion and nodule formation. The fields with deep plowing layer, light texture, good drainage and irrigation conditions, and high fertility are generally used.
Third, seed processing
Before planting, the seeds are selected and dried for 2 to 3 days, soaked for 24 to 36 hours with 0.1% ammonium molybdate solution, and then drained for sowing. Inoculation with Rhizobium before sowing can increase yield. Inoculation methods include soil inoculation and seed inoculation. The soil inoculation was to transport about 50 kg of topsoil from the ground where the broad bean had been planted in the previous year, and was evenly spread in the sowing ditch at the time of sowing. The seeds are inoculated by diluting Rhizobium powder with water after sowing, and then mixed with the seeds to mix seed. And with the broadcast with cover soil, so as to prevent Rhizobium being killed by direct sunlight.
Fourth, sowing
Sowing need to select the appropriate period, the general seeding rate of 75 ~ 90 kg/hm2. In the late mid-October, seeds were sown in each hole.
Fifth, dense planting
Broad beans are not tolerant to high temperatures and are sensitive to light. The flowers are open in the direction of strong light. Generally, the broad bean pods in the southward direction have more pods than those in the northward direction. Appropriate sowing density should be based on factors such as the purpose of cultivation, variety characteristics, soil fertility and fertilizer levels. Usually suitable density is controlled at 99,000 strains/hm2, and single or double seeding is carried out, and the seed amount is 75-90 kg/hm2 (single grain). The broad bean yield consists of three factors: number of branches of broad bean, number of knots per branch, and fresh weight per hundred. Therefore, the density can be determined by the method of planting strains. Generally, there are 5 or so effective branches of broad bean, 2 to 3 for each branch, and 10 to 15 (about 500 g) for each plant. The yield level is 10.5 to 15.0 t/hm2.
Six, field management
1 timely irrigation
Broad bean wee moist but avoid boil damage, irrigation should grasp the speed of irrigation speed, should not be long flow of water, slow irrigation long flooded. The water requirement at the seedling stage is relatively small. When the soil is dry after sowing, watering is required to promote emergence of the seedlings, and after the seedlings are planted, the horse water is irrigated once. During the flowering stage, the water demand is large, and it is generally necessary to inject water once in the initial flowering period, the beginning flood season, and the grain filling period.
2 Scientific fertilizers Broad bean is a crop that requires more fertilizer. The production of 100kg of grain requires about 7.8kg of nitrogen, 3.4kg of phosphorus, 8.8kg of potassium, 3.9kg of calcium, and trace amounts of trace elements. Because of the nitrogen fixation effect of Vicia fabae, it can generally solve 2/3 of the nitrogen requirement. Therefore, the principle of fertilization of broad beans is "appropriate amount of nitrogen, increased phosphorus, potassium fertilizer."
3 Drought and flood prevention
Broad beans are very sensitive to moisture, and they are afraid of drought and aphid. If there is poor drainage in the field, the root system is stunted and blight and rust are prone to occur. In case of drought, especially flowering and podging, the impact on yield is even more serious. Therefore, timely irrigation and drainage should be carried out in accordance with the growth needs to ensure a good harvest.
4 pruning
4.1 Remove the main stem. Although Vicia faba's branching ability is relatively strong, the main stem is generally not scab, even if the scab is smaller. When the third true leaf of the bean seedlings was fully expanded, the main stem heart leaf was removed and the base part branch was promoted. Strive to achieve 5 or so robust branches per plant before winter.
4.2 Sap sparse seedlings. Although broad beans have good branching habits, not all branches can produce scars or knots. Therefore, in order to ensure a reasonable density, timely shrubs and seedlings should be removed, and no head, weak, sick and late branches should be removed.
4.3 remove the top heart. Broad bean flowering and scabbing from bottom to top, the number of knots gradually reduced from the lower part to the upper part, easy to fall off. If it is not timely, the nutrients are transported to the upper part, causing the middle and lower parts of the flower buds to fall off and fail to solidify.
5 When weeding 1 leaf and 1 heart of weeds, use 15% of extinction to kill 900 mL/hm2. The use of fresh soybean meal was stopped 15 days before harvest.
VII. Pest Control
1 Disease prevention and treatment
Broad bean susceptible to red spot, rust, and blight. The prevention and control methods are as follows: first, rotation system cultivation; second, chemical control, prevention and control at the initial stage of disease; third, timely removal of diseased plants; and fourth, removal of weeds to eradicate virus transmitted by insects. Seedling stage and adult stage can be harmed by red spot disease. The number of diseased plants is found to be removed in a timely manner. The amount can be 70% of mancozeb 800 to 1000 times or 50% of carbendazim 800 to early stage of disease. L000 times the liquid, the whole plant spray, every 7 ~ 10 d prevention and treatment, medication 2 or 3 times, the drug should be used interchangeably. Rust can be controlled by triadimefon 1 500 ~ 2 250 g/hm2. Fusarium wilt can be sprayed with 50% carbendazim from 800 to 1000 times.
2 Insect pest control Broad bean pests include aphids and broad bean pods. Aphids are a serious hazard in the seedling stage. Prevention and control during this period are beneficial to prevent the occurrence of viral diseases and can achieve the results of double treatment at one stroke. Control of broad bean pods: 1 kill adult worms. In the early flowering period or at full bloom on a sunny day at noon, after flowering, use 40% dimethoate 1 000 times spray to prevent and control, every 7-10 days after spraying the second time. 2 Kill the newly hatched larvae. About 10 days after spawning, F. viciae enters the incubating period. The most favorable time for spraying in Daejeon production is nearing the final flowering period, spraying 20% ​​dichlorvos emulsion 800 to 1000 times.
Eight, picking
Picking should be timely. The picking period is closely related to economic benefits, and the higher the picking price, the sooner it is picked. When the lower fresh pods are basically mature, full-filled and white-green, they can be picked and listed in batches. After the broad beans have matured, they are picked from the lower pods.
Introduction:
Broadly speaking,normal White Garlic which has 4-7cloves,with white papery-skin.with the characteristics of pure flavor,strong aroma,crsipy taste,rich nutrition,very popular in the markets
More knowledge:
The bulb of garlic,an allium plant in the lily family.with the pungent flavor and spicy taste.spherical shape with a diameter of 3-6.5cm. The surface is covered with white and papery-skin.
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2.Variety:Liliaceous Vegetables
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