Bean vegetable fertilization technology points
Bean crops grown in greenhouses mainly include kidney beans, cowpeas, and peas. Beans grow more nitrogen and potassium, but less phosphorus. However, when phosphorus is deficient, the growth of plants and rhizobium is poor, which leads to reduced flowering and pod formation, less seed particles in the pod, and reduced yield. Beans are nitrate-nitrogen, and when the ammonium nitrogen is high, the roots are black. Rhizobium is reduced, the leaves are uneven and will chlorotic. Beans and vegetables are more like potassium fertilizer, especially during the flowering and pod-forming period, the potassium absorption is sharply increased. During this period, attention should be paid to potassium supplementation. The activity of rhizobium of legumes is related to trace elements such as boron and molybdenum. When these elements are lacking, it will affect the normal metabolism of the plants.
The main points of fertilization techniques are as follows:
1. The method of seedling transplanting is adopted for the cultivation of bean and vegetable in the greenhouse. The nutrient soil used for nursery should be selected from the vegetable garden soil where no beans have been planted for 2 to 3 years, and mixed with 4 vegetable garden soils with 4 parts of decomposed horse manure and 2 parts of decomposed chicken manure, in every 100 kg of nutrient soil. Infiltration of 2 to 3 kg of superphosphate and 0.5 to 1 kg of potassium sulfate. Soil pH should be neutral or weakly acidic, and soil peracid will inhibit the activity of rhizobium. On the acidic soil, the acidity of the lime may be applied at a discretion, and the lime should be mixed well with the bed soil, the amount should not be too much, and the large amount or uneven mixing may cause the volatilization of the seedling and the ammonia to cause gas hazard.
2, base fertilizer beans, cowpeas, peas and other legumes are the crops of the Chinese diet, although there are nodules, but the nitrogen fixation is very weak. In the undeveloped seedling stage of Rhizobium, it is necessary to use the available nutrients in the base fertilizer to promote plant growth and development. Generally, 5,000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20 to 35 kg of calcium phosphate, 100 kg of ash, and 0.5 to 1 kg of manganese sulfate are used per mu. The amount of dwarf beans can be reduced appropriately. Bean roots have higher requirements for soil oxygen. Application of unbleached chicken manure or other organic fertilizers will lead to an increase in soil reducing gas and a decrease in oxygen, causing premature aging of rotten seeds and roots, which has a great impact on yield. Therefore, the application of base fertilizer should pay attention to the selection of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, and it is not appropriate to use excessive nitrogen fertilizer to make fertilizer.
3, 20 to 25 days after the seed dressing, when the bean buds start flower bud differentiation, if the base fertilizer is not applied, the symptoms of lack of fertilizer are shown, and the topdressing should be carried out in time, and 20 to 30% of the dilute animal waste per acre is applied for about 1500. In kilograms, 4 to 5 kg of potassium sulphate can also be added per 1000 kg of dilute faeces. Early effect of topdressing and yield increase is obvious, but applying too much nitrogen fertilizer during seedling period will make beans grow longer. Therefore, whether topdressing should be based on plant growth.
Generally, dwarf beans are topdressed 2 to 3 times, and vines are topdressed 4 to 5 times. Each time, 3 to 5 kg of pure nitrogen (7 to 11 kg of urea) is applied, and 5 to 7 kg of potassium oxide (10 to 15 kg of potassium sulfate) is used. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer is halved, and the amount of potassium fertilizer can be halved. Do not apply. When the ground temperature is low and the fertilizer is applied, a certain amount of high-quality humic acid should be mixed or replaced with high-quality water to reduce the damage of the single-use fertilizer to the root system.
4. Spraying 0.02-0.05% ammonium molybdate on the foliar dressing stage.
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