Attack with poison? Japan develops anti-cancer therapy for viruses
Release date: 2018-06-14
According to "Nihon Keizai Shimbun" reported on June 14, in Japan, technology to transform infectious viruses to destroy cancer cells has been continuously developed. The National Cancer Research Center of Japan and Tottori University have confirmed through animal experiments that this technology is effective for pancreatic cancer that is difficult to treat with existing medical treatment. In addition, Xinglin University combines epoch-making treatments with cancer immunotherapy in the topic to improve the therapeutic effect while suppressing side effects. In the case of metastasis and recurrence of cancer cells, and anti-cancer drugs do not work, "viral anti-cancer therapy" will be used as a new treatment method for practical use.
Viral anticancer therapies use viruses that are genetically altered. Increasingly, the virus spreads throughout the body and is also effective for metastatic and recurrent cancers. Along with immunotherapy such as "Opdivo", it is expected to be the fourth candidate therapy after surgery, anticancer drugs and chemotherapy.
However, in order to alleviate side effects, conventional therapies inhibit the activity of the virus, and the anticancer effect is easily reduced. There is still a need to overcome these issues.
The head of the National Cancer Center, Aoki Kazuo, and others changed a gene of the cold virus to infect only cancer cells. The virus targets molecules that appear on the surface of cancer cells and combines to enter them. Destroy cancer cells by rapid propagation. It is said to have no effect on normal cells.
The research team trained a virus that is targeted to pancreatic cancer and was injected into mice transplanted with human pancreatic cancer cells. After about 40 days, the tumor disappeared and no side effects occurred. Strive to implement a doctor-led clinical trial after three years.
Associate Professor Nakamura Takashi of Tottori University and others have improved the virus of the smallpox vaccine to breed only when infected with cancer cells. Human pancreatic cancer was transplanted into the abdomen of mice, and after 11 days of injection of the modified virus, the cancer cells basically disappeared. Strive to conduct clinical trials after 5 years.
After the virus destroys the cancer cells, proteins will appear and become targets of immune cells. Using this feature, a research team combined with immunotherapy has developed a treatment that increases attack power.
Professor Fu Yuanhao and Assistant Professor Tian Kouhui from Xinglin University used iPS cells to culture dendritic cells that commanded immune cells and used them with improved viruses. The virus will destroy the cancer cells. If the dendritic cells capture the proteins that appear at that time, the information will be transmitted to other immune cells and actively attack the cancer cells. After injection of mice transplanted with bladder cancer, the tumor was further reduced to one-sixth of that compared with the treatment with only virus.
Cancer stem cells can discharge drugs such as anticancer drugs, and viral anticancer therapies can effectively inhibit these stem cells. Cancer stem cells can make cancer cells, and if the virus infects and destroys it, it can prevent recurrence. Immunotherapeutics are known as epoch-making drugs, but are said to be effective only in 20% to 30% of patients. Viral anticancer therapy is expected as a complementary therapy to traditional therapies.
However, most adults are immune to a wide variety of viruses. In order to prevent the virus from being destroyed when moving in the human body, it is also necessary to develop a technique for efficiently delivering the virus to cancer cells.
Source: World Wide Web
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