2015 these medical innovations benefit our health

2015 these medical innovations benefit our health

January 04, 2016 Source: People's Network

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Recently, the US “Daily Health Network” also summed up “2015 Top Ten Milestones in American Medicine”, covering various fields such as influenza, diabetes, cancer, etc. Some of the new research, new ideas and new therapies have extraordinary significance, bringing patients There is new hope. On the occasion of the New Year, we may wish to take stock of these amazing medical innovations in the past year, and listen to the specific interpretations of domestic authoritative experts to see what kind of health gospel they can bring us.

China's independent research and development of robots broke through the world's surgical "forbidden zone"

In August 2015, Professor Tian Wei, Dean of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital and his team used the real-time 3D image robot developed by China to achieve precise positioning and navigation for the first time. The error was less than 1 mm, and it was successfully completed as a “life center”. The operation of upper cervical deformity has broken through the "forbidden zone" of the world's surgical operations and achieved a revolutionary progress in the history of surgery. Tian Wei introduced that the advanced biomimetic configuration of the surgical robot ensures the flexibility and stability of the system. It not only helps doctors to complete the planning of the surgical path, but also accurately guides the implantation of the internal plants, significantly reducing the intraoperative and surgical procedures. The incidence of post-operative complications significantly reduced intraoperative radiation exposure.

Expert comment: The orthopedic surgery robot not only realizes the minimally invasive surgery, the safety of complex surgery, the intelligent operation of key operations, but also advances the orthopedics into a new era of intelligent assisted precision, which is important for improving the comprehensive treatment level of orthopedics. The practical significance.

3 seconds to catch a Chinese medicine, automated Chinese pharmacy to subvert the history of artificial medicine

With the intelligent robot hand, it takes only 3 seconds to catch a Chinese medicine on average, and the accuracy of the medicine is 100%, while the traditional artificial medicine takes 20 minutes. This year, Suzhou Xinheng Automation Technology Co., Ltd. publicly released the first automated Chinese pharmacy in China. Its self-developed automatic positioning medicine and multi-prescription simultaneous dispensing technology realizes one machine at the same time for dozens of people to take medicine without error. The hospital pharmacy saves 90% of the manpower of the drug-adjusting agent. The pharmacist only needs to send the medicine at the window, and the patient can take the medicine.

This fully automatic Chinese pharmacy is connected to the computer and consists of equipment such as storage cabinets, conveyor belts, packaging machines, inkjet printers and sorting pushers. As soon as the staff enters the prescription, the dispensing robot begins to “feed” the medicine into the “basket” of the conveyor belt, package it, and deliver it to the designated window. The staff can simply check the barcode on the package and check it. Information on the origin and manufacturers of the herbs is also clear.

Expert comment: The automated Chinese pharmacy has filled the gaps in technology at home and abroad, and has become a pioneer and technology leader in the fully automated dispensing of traditional Chinese medicine packaging. It not only solves the problem of large patients in large Chinese medicine hospitals, but also slows down the drug. It will also be "Internet + The form of fully automatic Chinese pharmacy provides strong technical support.

China's first 3D printed artificial hip joint entered the era of mass production

Liu Zhongjun, director of the Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, and his team's 3D printed artificial hip joints have achieved mass production, which is a highlight of the medical community in 2015. In traditional techniques, the cups used for joint replacement are cast from titanium alloy with micropores on the surface, which is not conducive to femoral integration. The 3D printed cup and its microporous surface are integrally formed, and bone integration can be rapidly formed between the patient's bone and the metal cup, which reduces the occurrence of long-term prosthesis loosening and obtains excellent postoperative immediate stability. In 2015, 3D printed artificial hip joint products were approved by the State Food and Drug Administration and entered the mass production stage, which indicates that the Chinese people will be able to use the domestically produced 3D printed hip joints with high quality and low price.

Expert comment: The data shows that there are about two or three hundred thousand joint replacement operations in China each year, and the actual demand is two or three million. Many people are “deterred” because of the high price. 3D printing artificial hip joint can reduce the burden on patients to a certain extent, so that more patients can enjoy high-quality and low-cost medical products, and improve the overall clinical treatment level of orthopedics in China.

Develop a new influenza vaccine

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention pointed out that the effective rate of influenza vaccine prevention in the United States from 2014 to 2015 was only 19%, and the efficiency was greatly reduced compared with the previous 51%. The reason is that the flu virus is constantly mutating and the vaccine does not match well with the new flu virus. In 2015, the United States began to launch a new influenza trivalent vaccine, which can effectively prevent the flu caused by three common viruses.

Expert comment: Shu Yuelong, deputy director of the Center for Viral Disease Prevention and Control of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and director of the National Influenza Center, believes that the reduction of vaccine efficiency is also a problem that China needs to overcome. At present, we are conducting related research work, hoping to develop a universal influenza vaccine that is not affected by virus changes and improve its effectiveness.

Strengthen warning: common painkillers can damage cardiovascular

Every year, millions of Americans take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen and naproxen every day to treat headaches, joint pains and other pains. In 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration warned that these drugs relieve pain by blocking prostaglandins, which promote cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health, so suppressing prostaglandins increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

Expert comment: Liu Zhijun, chief pharmacist of the pharmacy department of Beijing Hospital, believes that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of heart attack and stroke. It is the consensus in the industry. When using this kind of medicine, doctors must ask if the patient is taking aspirin, non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs will weaken their medicinal properties; it is best to consult a doctor before taking it, and avoid eating it.

Modify the dietary intake limit in the dietary guidelines

The latest dietary guidelines in the United States indicate that about half of American adults (about 117 million) have one or more chronic diseases that could have been prevented, and that they are more likely to be associated with poorer eating habits and physical inactivity. The new dietary guidelines have made major changes in daily cholesterol intake. The old version recommended a daily intake of more than 300 mg of cholesterol, but the new edition pointed out that excessive intake of cholesterol is not a nutritional issue worthy of attention. Because the facts show that only a small percentage of the cholesterol in the blood comes from diet, it does not mean that everyone can have a high cholesterol diet.

Expert comment: Qi Fengying, executive vice president of the Chinese Nutrition Society, believes that limiting dietary cholesterol and fat intake has long been considered an important measure to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. According to China's national conditions, it is still not possible to relax the requirement for dietary cholesterol intake, that is, 300 mg to 500 mg per day.

"In vivo doctor" treats cancer, nano robot becomes medical star

In the case of cancer, doctors do not need to prescribe drugs or chemoradiotherapy. Instead, they provide a special medical treatment – ​​implanting a tiny nano-robot into the blood. In 2015, the Institute of Bacterial Robotics at the National University of South Korea has developed the world's first "in vivo doctor" to treat cancer - nanorobot, which can diagnose high-grade cancers such as colorectal cancer, breast cancer, stomach cancer and liver cancer. And treatment. It is reported that the robot consists of two parts: the bacteria and the micro-structure of the organism. When the cancer is found, its micro-structure will rupture, and the anti-cancer agent will be sprinkled on the surface of the pathogen, which will allow the chemotherapy to point to a specific therapeutic target. Thereby avoiding damage to other internal organs and cells of the human body during medical treatment.

Expert comment: "Precision" has become the general trend of medical development in the future. With nanotechnology, there may be a day when thousands of micro-robots shuttle through our blood and internal organs to adjust our functions and treat diseases ranging from heart disease to cancer.

Precision medicine changes cancer treatment

Joanne is a patient who beats breast cancer. To prevent cancer from recurring, the researchers raised her breast cancer cells on the back of the mice. The mice used her as a "model" to receive various treatments so that the researchers could screen out Joanne. The most effective drug. This practice of targeted treatment based on individual patients is called precision medicine.

Expert comment: Ji Jiafu, Dean of Peking University Cancer Hospital, said: China is also doing related research, and is still at the stage of animal research.

Unlock the secrets of type 2 diabetes

After analyzing the electronic medical records and genetic data of more than 11,000 patients with type 2 diabetes, the Icahn School of Medicine in Mount Sinai, USA, found that patients with type 2 diabetes have different specific genetic markers that can be divided into three different subgroups: the first Subgroups of patients are more obese, prone to kidney and eye complications; the second subgroup is prone to certain cancers and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; the third subgroup is associated with allergies and neurological diseases. Researchers believe that the findings may drive targeted diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes. In addition, the University of Iowa study found that staphylococcal may cause symptoms of type 2 diabetes.

Expert comment: Wu Xuexuan, a professor of endocrinology at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, believes that in order to find out the cause of diabetes, China has carried out the “Daqing test” in the 20th century. It has been found that obesity, high-calorie diet and insufficient physical activity may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. In addition, each person's gut flora is different, and the ability to absorb fat is also different, which also leads to the same constitution, some people have diabetes, and some people have nothing to do. In life, it is recommended that you “control your mouth and open your legs” to help reduce the incidence of diabetes and its time of occurrence.

Blood glucose test paper helps "sugar friends" get rid of the pain of "acupuncture"

In 2015, a group of scientists at the Free University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands developed an affordable diabetes test strip, which made many diabetic patients suffering from “acupuncture” see hope. They don't have to pin their fingers five or six times a day to monitor blood sugar levels, just leave a small amount of urine to monitor abnormal blood sugar levels. In addition, saliva testing in the United States to detect diabetes, Israel to develop watch-type blood glucose monitoring devices, etc., these technologies will be widely used in recent years, will bring more comfortable and convenient medical services for many patients.

Expert comment: At present, the number of diabetic patients in China has reached 114 million, and diabetes prevention and control has become an urgent need. Self-monitoring of blood sugar is an indispensable part of the treatment process of “sugar friends”. These non-invasive testing techniques will greatly improve the patient's dependence and improve the overall ability of prevention and control of diabetes in China.

Applying a new ambulance to quickly rescue strokes

There are two types of stroke, one is an ischemic stroke caused by a thrombus obstructing the cerebral artery, and the other is a hemorrhagic stroke. The two rescue methods are completely different. The former needs to inject thrombolytic drugs as soon as possible, and this method, if applied to the latter, will make the condition worse. Therefore, timely judgment of stroke type is the key to rescue. Currently, a new type of ambulance equipped with CT and transmission functions is being tested in the United States. CT scans can be performed on patients, and the results can be transmitted to a specialist for the first time to determine and determine the treatment plan.

Expert comment: Zhang Guoqiang, director of the emergency department of China-Japan Hospital, believes that in China's stroke rescue, there is a general problem of treatment lag, which is manifested in the lack of a clear diagnosis in the process of transfer. If you can use this new type of ambulance, you can understand the cause of the disease in time, so as to prepare for thrombolysis in the first time or to prepare for subsequent hospital rescue, to maximize the success rate of rescue.

Glaucoma patients can self-test intraocular pressure at home

For glaucoma patients, it is easy to monitor the intraocular pressure at home in the future without having to go to the hospital frequently. In 2015, Wang Ningli, secretary of the Party Committee and vice president of Beijing Tongren Hospital, and his family's tonometer were grandly presented at the hospital's hospital science and technology achievement demonstration and transformation project promotion conference. It is reported that the home tonometer can help patients easily measure intraocular pressure at home, and the measurement data is directly transmitted back to the doctor's mobile phone through the Internet. The doctor adjusts the patient's treatment plan through the intelligent management system.

Expert comment: According to the WHO report, it is estimated that by 2020, the number of glaucoma patients worldwide will reach 80 million, and the number of glaucoma patients in China will reach 30 million. The rebound-type intraocular pressure self-tester developed by Beijing Tongren Hospital can also accumulate intraocular pressure samples to provide a long-term disease management system for glaucoma patients. At present, nearly 5,000 samples of day and night intraocular pressure have been accumulated, and more than 30,000 intraocular pressure data have been established. The largest intraocular pressure database has been established in the country, which can establish an accurate prediction model between intraocular pressure changes and visual function impairment.

Many medical innovations such as bionic retina and artificial pancreas have begun to be applied.

The blind person with retinitis pigmentosa, once again received the bionic retina implant this year, once again saw the face of the family. This vision enhancement device works by placing a pair of glasses on the patient's camera that converts the captured image into an electrical signal that is sent to the retinal implant, allowing the patient to see the shape and motion of the object. As the research progresses, the patient will see more and more clearly. In addition, the artificial pancreas can be injected with insulin according to automatic monitoring.

Expert comment: Li Jianning, deputy director of the Chinese Medical Association Plastic Surgery Branch, believes that China should also increase efforts to encourage the development of original medical technology.

Intelligent robot with "tactile" reshaping new life of disabled patients

In 2015, at the 2015 World Robot Expo held at the National Convention Center, a smart manipulator with “tactile” attracted many eyeballs. This intelligent robot developed by Kinova Robotics can sense and distinguish the objects it touches and adjust accordingly. Connecting it to a wheelchair can enable a person with a disability in the upper body to grasp or control and give the user a subtle "touch". This robot can also be equipped with various facilities and used in different industries. In addition, the new generation of prosthetics is more flexible and comfortable, allowing disabled people to run freely.

Expert comment: According to statistics, there are nearly 1 billion disabled people in the world. Technology allows us to measure critical health parameters in a convenient and inexpensive way. Small, wearable smart sensors can collect objective data, creating “skeletal clothing” that allows some disabled patients to return to normal life.

New breakthrough drugs for AIDS prevention

Pre-exposure prophylaxis refers to the use of "Truvada", a US-approved pre-exposure prophylaxis, combined with safe sex, which can significantly reduce the rate of HIV infection in high-risk populations. A study published in September this year pointed out that more than two and a half years of investigations on 657 subjects found that pre-exposure prophylaxis can effectively prevent new HIV infections in high-risk groups.

Expert comment: Liu Yanchun, chief physician of the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, believes that there are no drugs to prevent AIDS in China. If related drugs are available, it will be a miracle in the field of AIDS. At present, behavioral prevention is still the most thorough and effective way to prevent AIDS. It is recommended that everyone insist on wearing condoms.

Development of a preventive rheumatoid arthritis vaccine

In 2015, the University of Queensland developed a vaccine and immunotherapy designed specifically for people with rheumatoid arthritis genes and specific antibodies. It can prevent cancer by extracting specific types of immune cells from the blood. Treatment of each patient. Early clinical trials have found that both methods have some effect, but are too expensive and time consuming, so they are not suitable for widespread use.

Expert comment: Zeng Xiaofeng, director of the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, believes that finding the "culprit" of rheumatoid arthritis is a difficult problem in the medical field. However, treatment should also be "localized" and is currently the most effective method: on the one hand, to relieve the disease through drugs; on the other hand, rely on biological instruments to assist treatment.

Intelligent anti-shake spoon allows Parkinson's patients to eat without worry

In 2015, GYENNO launched the latest medical hardware product GYENNO Rui meal intelligent anti-shake spoon, using robot technology and cloud technology, with 360-degree anti-shake effect, can automatically detect the jitter of the hand. In a certain range, it effectively offsets 85% of the jitter of Parkinson's patients, so that the hand-shaked people who are unable to eat normally can regain the pleasure of eating. In addition, the intelligent anti-shake spoon can also upload the tremor data of the continuously collected patients to the cloud to establish a large database of tremor diseases, which can assist clinical research strategies, help doctors monitor the effect of prescription content execution, and assist research. The institution conducts basic research on tremors and leads the pharmaceutical companies to track the efficacy of drugs.

Expert comment: More than half of Parkinson's patients in the world are in China, with a total of more than 2 million. Tremors (such as hand shake) are often the first symptoms of Parkinson's disease, and more than 70% of patients with Parkinson's disease will appear. The small intelligent anti-shake spoon solves the troubles of many people in Parkinson's diet, which improves their quality of life, and also shows the society's more humanistic care for the people with tremors.

Stem cell therapy delays the disease

The study found that stem cell therapy can replace healthy cells with damaged cells and treat diseases. In 2015, a study by the Mayo Clinic in the United States found that stem cell therapy can slow or even prevent the progression of the frozen person (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), which is the first time that the patient has a truly breakthrough hope.

Expert comment: Tsinghua University, Yuquan Hospital, neurology department chief physician Tong Tongchao believes that more than a decade ago, domestic stem cell therapy has been applied to the study of gradually frozen people, but it has not been promoted. Stem cell therapy can temporarily relieve the disease (usually about half a year), reduce the patient's difficulty in swallowing, lack of strength and other symptoms, but can not cure, once relapse, the treatment effect is equivalent to traditional treatment, so it must not be myth propaganda.

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